Objectives: This study aims at declaring the Hand Hygiene (HH) and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) policy and procedures as a new initiative for Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) for the pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a narrative review of pharmacy infection control. A literature search was performed using various databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar, about specific topics related to infection control in pharmacy practice. The search period was from the 1960s to October 2021. The terms searched were in English and included narrative review, systemic review, meta-analysis, and guidelines. terms Policies and procedures for the last 10 years across all hospitals or community pharmacy services were included in the search terms. The research team of the pharmacy infection control consist of various expert members including clinical pharmacists, community pharmacists, and infection control specialists. One member drafted the policy. Some member reviewed the draft policy and corrected it. The other member, who is an infection control specialist, revised last draft. The topic emphasizes on the adoption and practices of the policies and procedures on hand hygiene (HH) and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the pharmacy infection prevention and control. Results: The hand hygiene and personal protective equipment policy of pharmacy infection prevention control consist of various items, including steps of hand hygiene and proper donning and doffing sequences of the PPE during pharmacy performances. Conclusion:The policies and procedures related to hand hygiene and personal protective equipment are the foundations of pharmacy infection control and control. Implementation and practices of HH and PPE aims at the prevention and control Healthcare wirh ephazaized on pharmacy staff related Infections, which in lieu, improve patient safety Therefore, hand hygiene and personal protective equipment policy is recommended for all pharmacy settings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To explore the attitudes and perceptions of pharmacists about home care pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study analyzed a cross-sectional survey that discussed the attitudes and perceptions of pharmacists about home care pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents' demographic information about pharmacist's perception of home healthcare pharmacy services, barriers, which factors may discourage the implementation of home care pharmacy services, and recommendations/suggestions for facilitating the implementation of home healthcare pharmacy services. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of reliability, McDonald's ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann's λ2, and Gutmann's λ6 were done with the study. Furthermore, the data analysis of the attitudes and perceptions of pharmacists about home care pharmacy services is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 393 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than three-quarters responded from the Central region (303 (77.10%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Males responded less than females (195 (49.74%)) versus 197 (50.26%%)), with statistically non-significant differences between them (p=0.920). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24-35 years (267 (67.94%)) and 36-45 years (121 (30.79%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). The average score of perception of pharmacists about home healthcare pharmacy services was (4.33). The element "Electronic prescribing in home healthcare pharmacy has a positive outcome to patients" obtained the highest score (4.45). The aspect "The off-labeling system in home healthcare pharmacy should be implemented to protect the healthcare providers from any liability" (4.44). The responders who agreed that they should be authorized and responsible for providing home healthcare pharmacy services to the patient was a pharmacist (4.30), clinical pharmacist (4.27), and Pharmacy technician (4.26), with statistically significant difference between the responses (p<0.000). The average score for "barriers might prevent home healthcare pharmacy services implementation" was (4.33). The score for the element "Fear of legal liability" was (4.52), the aspect "Limited number of pharmacists who are specialized in geriatric patients when needed "was (4.46), and the element "Unaware of the need and importance of home healthcare pharmacy services" was (4.46). Conclusion: The attitudes and perceptions of pharmacists about home care pharmacy services are acceptable. All obstacles preventing home care pharmacy services should be removed. Standardized home care pharmacy services are highly recommended in S...

Objectives: To illustrate the pharmacist practice of High-Risk/Alertmedications in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey that discussed the Pharmacist practice of High-Risk/Alert medications in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents' demographic information about pharmacists and practices, Basic and advanced High-Risk/Alertmedications practice implementation, the High-Risk/Alertdrugs implemented in the following medication stages, and medications considered high alert or high risk at your institution. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of reliability, McDonald's ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann's λ2, and Gutmann's λ6 been done with the study. Furthermore, the data analysis of the Pharmacist practice of High-Risk/ Alert medications is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 442 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than one-third responded from the Central region (183 (40.40%)), and one Quarter responded from the Western part (119 (26.92%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Males responded more than females (264 (59.59%)) versus 179 (40.41%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24-30 years (266 (59.91%)) and 31-35 years (78 (17.57%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). Most of the pharmacists were staff pharmacists (323 (72.75%)) and pharmacy supervisors (56 (12.61%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). The average score of the practice of pharmacists' basic of High-Risk/Alertmedications was (3.81). The element "The risk medications is a part of medications safety vision" obtained the highest score (4.18), and the element "Policy and procedure of High-Risk/ Alertmedications " was (4.18). Followed the "The High-Risk/Alertmedications is a part of medications safety Mission" (4.12). The average advanced High-Risk/Alertmedications practice implementation score was (3.62). The element "The pharmacist share in medications safety committee for High-Risk/Alertmedications discussion" (4.12) and the element "There is documentation of potential impact and outcomes with High-Risk/Alertmedications " was (3.85). The average score of High-Risk/Alertmedications implemented in the medications stages was (3.99). The dispensing stage obtained the highest score (4.21), and the administration stage (4.12). Most drugs considered high alert or high risk at the institutions were antithrombotic agents 332 (77.39%) and adrenergic agonists 330 (76.92%). They were followed by insulin 285 (66.43%) and inotropic medications 284 (65.97%). Conclusion: The pharmacist's practice of...

Objectives: To demonstrate the perception of pharmacists about the High-Risk/ Alert medications in Saudi Arabia. Methods: It analyzes a cross-sectional survey that discussed the perception of pharmacists about High-Risk/Alert medications in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents' demographic information about pharmacists and The Perception of High-Risk/Alert Medications, barriers, which factors may Discourage you from implementing High-Risk/Alert medications, and recommendations/suggestions for facilitating the implementation of High-Risk/Alert medicines. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of reliability, McDonald's ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann's λ2, and Gutmann's λ6, were done with the study. In addition, the data analysis of the Perception of Pharmacists About the High-Risk/Alert Medications in Saudi Arabia is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 442 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, more than one-third responded from the Central region (183 (40.40%)), and one Quarter responded from the Western part (119 (26.92%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Males responded more than females (264 (59.59%)) versus 179 (40.41%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24-30 years (266 (59.91%)) and 31-35 years (78 (17.57%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). Most of the pharmacists were staff pharmacists (323 (72.75%)) and pharmacy supervisors (56 (12.61%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). The average score of perception of pharmacists about High-Risk/Alert medications was (3.88). The element "Staff compliance with protocols, guidelines and order sets related to high-alert medications is required" obtained the highest score (4.38). The pharmacists believe that Standard protocols, order sets, and orders express IV and neuraxial high-alert medication infusions/doses are highly recommended (4.36). The average score for the element "Factors Discourage you to implement High-Risk/Alert medications" was (3.36). The highest score from the component "The High-Risk/Alert medications are of a serious nature" was (3.92). The score for the element "Lack of Periodic training of pharmacy staff about High-Risk/Alert medications " was (3.83), and "Low level of clinical knowledge of High-Risk/Alert medications "was (3.70). The most recommendations/suggestions for facilitating the implementation of High-Risk/ Alert medications were the Implementation of an electronic high-alert medications system 385(88.30%), setup up the therapeutic protocol or guidelines for High-Risk/ Alert medications 347...

Objectives: To demonstrate the Perception of Pharmacist about Pharmacy Health Insurances Services in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: It analyzes a crosssectional survey discussing Pharmacists' Perceptions of Pharmacy Health Insurances Services in Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of respondents' demographic information about pharmacists, perception of pharmacists about health insurance, barriers, which factors may Discourage you from implementing health insurance medications, recommendations/suggestions for facilitating the implementation of high-risk medicines, and medications health insurance responsibility. The 5-point Likert response scale system was used with closed-ended questions. The survey was validated through the revision of expert reviewers and pilot testing. Besides, various tests of the reliability of McDonald's ω, Cronbach alpha, Gutmann's λ2, and Gutmann's λ6 were done with the study. Furthermore, the data analysis of the Perception of Pharmacist about Health Insurances in pharmacy practice is done through the survey monkey system. Besides, the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS), Jeffery's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel sheet version 16. Results: A total number of 398 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire.Of them, more than one-third responded from the Central region (137 (34.51%)), and one Quarter responded from the western part (109 (27.46%)), with statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.000). Males responded more than females (239 (60.35%)) versus 157 (39.65%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24-30 years (271 (68.26%)) and 31-35 years (56 (14.11%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). Most of the pharmacists were staff pharmacists (300 (75.76%)) and pharmacy supervisors (43 (10.86%)), with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). Almost one-half of pharmacists currently have health insurance coverage (239 ((60.05%)) with equal or less than one year (108 ((42.52%)), or 2-3 years (81 ((31.89%)), have you been associated with your current insurance provider with statistically significant differences between all levels (p=0.000). The average score of perception of pharmacists about health insurance was (3.62). The element "The participation of pharmacists in Heath insurance system should be mandatory " obtained the highest score (3.81). The aspect "The Heath insurance pharmacist can analyze the consumption of the medication at healthcare institutions" was (3.75). The average score for the element "factors may Discourage you from implementing Health insurance at pharmacy practice" was (3.27). The score for the component "The health insurance pharmacist was Not taught properly in pharmacy Schools " was (3.59). The score for the element "Lack of Periodic training of pharmacy staff about the role of health insurance pharmacist " was (3.57). Most staff responsible for medication...