--9+ generate competency framework questionnaire for antibiotic prescriptions, assess framework of four major components including safety, professionalism, improvements, and collaborations and to find association between demographic factors and competency framework for prescription writing. Methods: the study was convenient in sampling technique, cross sectional, analytical in design which includes fresh dental graduates from Pakistani Dental Schools. A self-complete questionnaire was generated, piloted, validated and tested for reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The mean competency score of the sample was ten point nine eight (SD±three point three) out of a total score of nineteen. The highest score obtained was nineteen and minimum zero among individuals. The competency levels were also scored different among dental schools with few institutions scored better in all categories than other when split up in public or private sectors. Many of the house surgeons (n=237) showed command on antibiotic prescription and are also aware of antibiotic misuse. However, they consider it not feasible to prescribe via remote media (N=one hundred and ninety-four) like online prescriptions. Practical implication: This study will have a broad impact on the antibiotic prescription routine among the dentist and it will help improve to improve competency on antibiotic prescription among dental undergraduates with a framework focusing more on evidence based community practices and in line with the significance of tackling solutions for drug resistant microorganisms that can lead to more complex situations. Conclusion: It is concluded that a need is found to improve competency on antibiotic prescription among dental undergraduates with a framework focusing more on evidence based community practices Keywords: Antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, dental curriculum, competency.

acceptance of dental implants in patients attending a tertiary care hospital.Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore from March 2018 to August 2018. Study  was conducted after the ethical approval from Institutional Review Board of Fatima Memorial Hospital. A total of three hundred and three patients attending a tertiary care hospital were given the questionnaire after an informed consent including 20questions regarding general awareness of dental implants and the level of acceptance in patients. The data was summarized and analyzed on Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Appropriate Descriptive inferential statistics wereperformed.Results: Amongst 303 patients 142(47%) were males and 161(53%) were females with an age range of 18 to 64 years. Majority of  study respondents were undergraduate: 166(54.8%) followed by graduate: 102(33.7%). Among our patients 188(62%) were aware of dental implant and main source of information regarding dental implant was their dentist 126(57.8%) followed by  internet search 33(15.1%). The patients who were willing for dental implant treatment were 128(42.2%) while the majorhindrance for not opting a dental implant treatment was high cost of the treatment.Conclusion: The patients attending a tertiary care hospital have moderate level of awareness regarding dental implants.Awareness was higher specifically in people who were more educated and belonging to a younger age group. Creating moreawareness amongst patients regarding the pros and cons of dental implants can help in eliminating any negative image of the  treatment.

Oral health in the nation’s evolution, especially in this globalization, an absence of illness in the population plays a key role for a fecund and well established society. Purpose: To see the impact of oral health education intervention to improve oral health practices along-with formation of new carious lesions after oral health education after 3 months of intervention. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Methodology: Children (n=383) were included in present study through non-probability, convenient sampling technique. Children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were examined with the examination tools on the dental unit office in the RHC for caries risk using a pre-validated caries risk assessment checklist and dental caries detection form. Statistical analysis: Data analyzed by SPSS 21.0v. Results: Majority of respondents (383) 100% didn’t have access to fluoridated water supply. Only 23.5% of the respondents have literate parent’s majority of them (76.5%) have illiterate parents. All the respondents 100% were at moderate risk. In comparison of risk associated with teeth missing due to caries in past 36 months, the respondents at low risk were 63.2%, High risk were 25.3% and moderate risk were 11.5%. Conclusion: This study concluded that intervention of oral hygiene instruction has produced significant results in motivating people for cleaning teeth regularly and avoiding the use of sugary foods and beverages to maintain their oral and general health. The study has interventions of tooth brush with paste and oral hygiene instruction for motivating and treating people. Key Words: Early Childhood Caries, Risk Assessment, Health Education and Oral Hygiene.

Oral health in the nation’s evolution, especially in this globalization, an absence of illness in the population plays a key role for a fecund and well established society. Purpose: To find the prevalence of dental caries along-with the risk factors related to them in rural children of District Kasur. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Methodology: Children (n=383) were included in present study through non-probability, convenient sampling technique. Children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were examined with the examination tools on the dental unit office in the RHC for caries risk using a pre-validated caries risk assessment checklist and Dental Caries detection form. Statistical analysis: Data analyzed by SPSS 21.0v. Results: There are 83 (22%) male and 300 (78%) females in the present study. The respondents of age 7 and over with active and smooth surface caries 383 (100%). The DMFT status for respondents with age 7-10 was 26.4% , age 11-13 was 53.5% , age 14-15 with was 18.8%. Overall dental caries risk in the participants while categorizing them on the basis of high risk i.e. 55.6% , moderate risk i.e. 42% and low risk i.e. 2.3%. Conclusion: This study concluded that caries are present in the form of tooth decay, molars, plaque, lesions, cavities, and gingivitis. The dental problems can be prevented with cleaning teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. Key Words: Early Childhood Caries, Risk Assessment, Prevalence and Oral Hygiene.