Background: Stroke is defined as the rapid onset of focused or generalized disturbance of cerebral functions that lasts more than 24 hours. Speech issues and weakness on one side of the body are typical stroke signs and symptoms. Patients with upper limb disability following a stroke were unable to carry out particular gripping and manipulating tasks. Objective: Determine Effects of Mirror Therapy for Improving the Motor Function of Upper and Lower Extremities in Patients with Stroke Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out in which the subjects in between 45-60 years, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke male and female were recruited. Subjects were divided into two groups. In Group A tasks given, were performed by patients in front of mirror and with the unaffected limb. The mirror therapy was given 5 days a week with 50 min session and Electrical stimulation for 10 minutes. In Group B the patients were given PNF techniques for 6 weeks. The outcome tool used for evaluation of upper and lower limb assessment was Modified Fugl Meyer functional tool. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: The pretest and posttest observations for motor assessment of upper, within the mean score of Group A in pre assessment was 31.47±9.67 mid assessment was 34.73±10.47 and post assessment was 238.53±10.72 (0.001) showing significant improvement with intervention of Group A. Motor assessment score in Group B in pre assessment was 36.07±11.25 mid assessment was 43.27±9.83 and post assessment was 49.47±9.48 (0.001) showing significant improvement with intervention of Group A. Motor assessment score in Group B in pre assessment was 15.27±4.56 mid assessment was 21.73±5.23 and post assessment was 28.47±4.56 (0.001) showing significant improvement with intervention of Group A at P value <.05 showing effectiveness of both techniques. Practical Implication: This study will also help peer group in practicing and rehabilitating the stroke patients with new techniques. There is a need to incorporate easy, simple, economic, patient directed and effective treatment techniques to enhance recovery following stroke. There is less data available on comparison between conventional physical therapy and mirror therapy in the up-per limb in the past. Conclusion: We have concluded that both the PNF and MT were effective in improving score motor function but MT were found to have better effect as compared to PNF . Patient can gain muscle control, coordination and know the limitation of movement. It ultimately reduces the muscle atrophy and disability. Keywords: Mirror therapy, Motor function, Patient, Lower Extremity.

Objectives: To assess physiotherapy knowledge and experiences among pregnant females in antenatal care culture meanwhile aims to raise awareness about importance of physiotherapy in antenatal care. Methodology:  This study was cross sectional .After the approval from IRB SMDC subjects were recruited using convenient sampling. Study setting was gynecology department of Shalamar hospital Lahore. Written consent form and study description was provided to each participant. After giving complete description of study data and signing the consent information was recorded through in person interview with each subject using a self-administered questionnaire, it took 5-10 minutes with each subject. Online Google form was sent to pregnant women. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 25. Results: With a response rate of 100% it was found that most of women (n=106 79.1%) knew about physiotherapy, but knowledge and awareness of antenatal physiotherapy and its benefits were fairly low (n=46, 34.1%. Prevalence of low back pain (n=112, 82.9%), urine leakage (n=48, 35.5%), and other musculoskeletal stresses were seen to be high among pregnant females. While there was little guidance (n=23, 17%) about antenatal physiotherapy and referral to physiotherapy (n=22, 15.07%) was also quite low. Conclusion: Pregnant females had quite insufficient knowledge and experiences in antenatal physiotherapy. There is a need to educate masses about physiotherapy and its benefits in antenatal care. Appropriate measures should be taken to spread awareness and knowledge among pregnant females, families and health care providers for improvement of quality of life among pregnant females. Key words: Pregnant females, Physiotherapy, Pregnancy, Exercise, Knowledge, Experiences.

Background: Opening and closing of the mouth, biting, and chewing are all sensory-motor tasks that require both jaw and neck muscles to be contracted simultaneously. The postural stability of healthy people can be modified by changes in the position of the jaw. Objective: To determine the impact of jaw functional status on neck flexor endurance among females and also to determine the association of neck flexion endurance with age and BMI. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study in which the convenient sampling technique was used. It included 32 healthy females between 18-25 years of age. The study was conducted at the skills Lab of Shalamar School of Allied Health Sciences, Lahore. After consent from participants the neck flexor endurance test was performed in two positions: with the resting jaw (position I), and the jaw clenched maximally (position II) in the supine position. Time was recorded by the stopwatch to see how long the participant was able to maintain in these positions. The same test was performed again with five minutes gap in both positions of the jaw. Results: It shows that there was a significant difference in neck holding time between the resting jaw position and clenched jaw position. After five minutes of rest the neck holding time in both positions was decreased but it was statistically not significant. There was weak and inverse relationship between neck flexion endurance and age (r=-0.0264) and weak but direct relationship between neck flexion endurance and BMI (r=0.283)    Conclusion: The neck holding time in the clenched jaw position is less than the resting jaw position; this shows that a sensory-motor relationship exists between the neck and jaw. Variation in jaw positioning impacts neck flexor endurance.