Construction is dependent on accurate, timely and safe supply chain, otherwise whole project will be halted. Previously, it has found that most construction projects failed to complete on designated time that ultimately surges the cost as well. Although there are various approaches to deal with the situation, there is evidence that collaboration among stakeholders would reduce the risks and enhance the performance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to verify the relationship between the supply chain performance (SCP) with three stakeholder management approaches, namely supplier relationship (SR), customer relationship (CR), and risk and reward sharing (RRS). A total of 585 questionnaires were distributed using systematic probability sampling of listed construction organizations and only 258 responses were returned. The data were analyzed through the Smart PLS Software using two types of function i.e. PLS Algorithm and Bootstrapping. Based on the PLS Algorithm, the path coefficient results confirm that SR, CR, and RRS influence the SCP. It also has found that all three approaches have 56% of explaining power on SCP (R 2 value = 0.560). The bootstrapping function revealed that the three hypotheses supported and this confirmed the hypotheses are true. This study enhances the relationship among stakeholders beyond the traditional collaboration to risk and reward sharing simultaneously. This integration will provide a competitive position as all members share their expertise that will ultimately improve the quality and lead time and enrich the flexibility. Thus, it can be concluded that long-term success is heavily dependent on relationships with the suppliers, customers, risk and reward sharing. This study will help construction managers to understand the importance of good relationships while doing strategic decision making.

This research paper aims at investigating the effects of fly ash as cement replacement in green concrete made with partial replacement of conventional coarse aggregates with coarse aggregates from demolishing waste. Green concrete developed with waste materials is an active area of research as it helps in reducing the waste management issues and protecting the environment. Six concrete mixes were prepared using 1:2:4 ratio and demolishing waste was used in equal proportion with conventional aggregates, whereas fly ash was used from 0%-10% with an increment of 2.5%. The water-cement ratio used was equal to 0.5. Out of these mixes, one mix was prepared with all conventional aggregates and was used as the control, and one mix with 0% fly ash had only conventional and recycled aggregates. The slump test of all mixes was determined. A total of 18 cylinders of standard size were prepared and cured for 28 days. After curing the compressive strength of the specimens was evaluated under gradually increasing load until failure. It is observed that 5% replacement of cement with fly ash and 50% recycled aggregates gives better results. With this level of dosage of two waste materials, the reduction in compressive strength is about 11%.

Occupancy, particularly in urban areas, requires more space than ever. Space constraints need erection of high rise buildings in place of short height buildings. This need demolishing of old structures which creates huge quantities of demolished concrete. One of its best disposals is its use in new concrete. Therefore, this research work uses 50% replacement of natural coarse aggregates with coarse aggregates from old concrete to study the flexural stress-strain behavior of reinforced concrete beams. Total of 12 reinforced concrete beams (900x150x150 mm) were cast with 2#4 bars in tension and 2#4 bars in compression zones. Ordinary Portland cement with hill sand and crush aggregate was used in 1:2:4 proportions. Water cement ratio used is 0.54. The beams were cast in two batches, one with 100% natural aggregates and another with 50% natural coarse aggregates replaced with coarse aggregates from old concrete. In each batch 3 beams were cured for 7 and 28 days respectively. After curing all beams were tested with central point load. The beams were monitored at regular intervals for load, displacement, strain and load until first crack. The beams under study were compared with the controlled specimen. The results were in good agreement with the normal concrete specimen. Maximum reduction in flexural stress is recorded as 8.8% for 7-day cured beams and 5.52% for 28-day cured specimen. Thus, the use of coarse aggregates from demolished concrete in new concrete is proved to be promising partial replacement of coarse aggregate in terms of flexural stress-strain relationship.

Crowded city centers pose serious problems of infrastructure and associated facilities. Construction industry is obliged to opt for vertical construction in place of short height structures in order to meet with the needs. This leads to the generation of huge quantities of demolishing waste whose management is a serious issue. One of its best uses is its utilization in new concrete. Concrete is widely used in construction industry. Normally 1:2:4 mix is used, but the use of rich mix is also common in columns and elsewhere. Therefore, this research work focuses on evaluating the flexural stress-strain behavior of rich concrete mix beams made with 50% replacement of natural coarse aggregates with coarse aggregates from old concrete. A total of 12 reinforced concrete beams 1:1.5:3 ratio mix and 0.54 w/c ratio are prepared in two batches in 0.9mx0.15mx0.15m beams. In the first batch, natural coarse aggregates are replaced in 50% with coarse aggregates from demolished concrete and the second batch contains beams made with all-natural coarse aggregates. To reinforce the beams, 2#4 deformed bars are used in compression and tension zone along with #3 stirrups at 15cm c/c all along the length of the beam. In each batch, half of the beams are cured for 7 days and half for 28 days. After curing, all beams are tested for load, deflection, and strain in a universal load testing machine. All parameters are recorded at regular intervals and cracking and failure patterns are monitored. From obtained results, it is analyzed that the beams presented 11.68% reduction in flexural capacity. Cracking pattern and failure mode of the beams is similar to those of the control specimen.

In Pakistan construction Industry, concrete construction is cheaper than the other construction methods with respect to that construction materials demand rises. The 75% volume of total concrete fill with aggregate which contributes to decrease the natural aggregate resources day by day. The best solution for this problem is to utilize River Indus sand and recyclable concrete aggregate as fine and coarse aggregate respectively. In this research the River Indus sand and recyclable coarse aggregate were fully replaced with normal aggregates. The aim of this study was to examine the flexural and tensile performance of concrete containing the River Indus sand and recyclable concrete aggregate. The physical properties were also examined which include the sieve analysis and chemical composition of River Indus sand. The M15, M20 and M25 grade were analyzed at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days water curing. The results define that, flexural strength was reduced from 5% to 15% compared to normal aggregate whereas tensile was decreased from 1% to 1.8% at 28 days water curing.