Introduction: Predicting factors related to the severity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can significantly help in better management of their treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between pulmonary radiologic findings based on the Warrick score and COVID-19 patients’ outcomes. Patients and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 436 COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar Abbas. Pulmonary radiologic findings were scored based on the Warrick score. Outcomes of COVID-19 patients, including disease severity and mortality, were followed. Independent T-test and binary logistic regression were conducted to explore the correlation between the pulmonary radiologic findings and patients’ outcomes. Results: Results showed that the correlation between pulmonary radiologic findings with both disease severity and mortality was significant, since higher pulmonary involvement caused greater severity and mortality. The Warrick score difference between dead and recovered patients and low and high disease severity were significant, therefore greater Warrick score caused more disease severity and mortality. Conclusion: Pulmonary radiologic findings based on the Warrick score can use as a predictor of COVID-19 patients’ outcomes.

Background and Objectives: Caffeine decreases the testis volume and the number of spermatogenic cells in seminiferous tubules of rat testis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of caffeine exposure during pregnancy and lactation on seminal vesicle and epididymis in rat offspring. Materials and Methods:In this experimental study, 21female pregnant rats were divided into control and experimental groups (two groups). The experimental groups 1 and 2 received caffeine via drinking water during pregnancy and lactation (26 and 45 mg/kg/bw, respectively). The structural changes in seminal vesicle and epididymis were studied by using histological methods on day 120 of postnatal development (n=5, selected randomly from each group). Data were statistically assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc Test. Results:The high dose caffeine treated group decreased the epithelium height of seminal vesicle compared with the control group; however, the differences were not significant (p=0.909). The thickness of the muscle layer of the seminal vesicles in the high dose caffeine treated group increased compared with the control group (p<0.001).Significant decreases in epithelium height of tubules of the epididymis in the high dose caffeine treated group was observed compared with the control group (p=0.047), and the diameter of the tubules of epididymis in the high dose caffeine treated group decreased compared with the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion:The results of this study showed high dose caffeine can induce histomorphological changes in the seminal vesicle and epididymis of rat.

Biomarkers are molecules that can be measured in the body and can reflect disease activity or progression. They can be used to diagnose and monitor disease, predict treatment response, and identify potential therapeutic targets. Several types of biomarkers have been studied in the context of IgA nephropathy, including protein, gene expression, epigenetic, and microRNA biomarkers. Biomarkers have the potential to improve the accuracy and specificity of the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy and predict the disease progression and response to treatment. However, further studies are needed to validate their diagnostic value in larger cohorts of patients and to integrate them into clinical practice. The development of multi-omics approaches that combine different types of biomarkers may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the disease pathogenesis and potential treatments.

Background and Objective: It is conceivable that caffeine consumption would induce gonadal changes. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of embryonic caffeine exposure on rat testis and prostate. Materials and Methods: Female rats were divided into (n=7): A control, only received drinking water. B and C groups received caffeine low dose (26 mg/kg) and high dose (45 mg/kg) respectively via drinking water during pregnancy and lactation. Structural changes in testis and prostate were studied by using stereological methods at 21, 60 and120 days of postnatal development. Results: Our result showed decreases in body and testis weight of offspring of group C compared to other groups at all ages (P< 0.05). The Testis volume showed significant differences between the offspring of both experimental groups and control at days 21, 60 and 120 (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the number of sperm cells of offspring of experimental groups compared to the control group in different ages (P<0.05). The number of sertoli, spermatocyte and spermatid cells of offspring in group C showed a significant decrease compared with other groups at all days (P<0.01). The number of spermatogonia cells in group C offspring showed a significant decrease compared to the control group at different days (P<0.05). The mean Johnsen score decreased in offspring of group C compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion:Results showed that maternal caffeine consumption altered the structure of testis and prostate gland and spermatogenesis of offspring in adulthood.