BACKGROUND:Physical activity is one of the most important self-care approaches to controlling complications of type 2 diabetes. According to Bandura’s social theory, factors such as social support are effective factors in the incidence of the behaviour.AIM:This study aims to determine the level of physical activity, social support and their determinants.METHODS:This descriptive study was performed on 250 patients with type 2 diabetes by Cluster-Random Sampling method in Rafsanjan City. Data were collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Social Support Questionnaire for Sport, that their validity and reliability were confirmed. The results were analysed by t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression.RESULTS:This study showed that 46.8% of the patients were in the inactive group. Social support score for exercise was low in this group. The results indicated that social support and gender are predictors of physical activity, and with an increase in the social support score, the odds of having minimal physical activity increased 1.17 fold (OR = 1.167) and men were 4.18 times more likely to have minimal physical activity (OR = 4.183).CONCLUSION:Considering the low level of physical activity and social support in diabetic patients, and the effect of social support on the prediction of physical activity, interventions are recommended to increase social support in this group.

INTRODUCTION:Theory-based education tailored to target behaviour and group can be effective in promoting physical activity.AIM:The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive power of Protection Motivation Theory on intent and behaviour of Physical Activity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.METHODS:This descriptive study was conducted on 250 patients in Rafsanjan, Iran. To examine the scores of protection motivation theory structures, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Its validity and reliability were confirmed. The level of physical activity was also measured by the International Short - form Physical Activity Inventory. Its validity and reliability were also approved. Data were analysed by statistical tests including correlation coefficient, chi-square, logistic regression and linear regression.RESULTS:The results revealed that there was a significant correlation between all the protection motivation theory constructs and the intention to do physical activity. The results showed that the Theory structures were able to predict 60% of the variance of physical activity intention. The results of logistic regression demonstrated that increase in the score of physical activity intent and self - efficacy increased the chance of higher level of physical activity by 3.4 and 1.5 times, respectively OR = (3.39, 1.54).CONCLUSION:Considering the ability of protection motivation theory structures to explain the physical activity behaviour, interventional designs are suggested based on the structures of this theory, especially to improve self -efficacy as the most powerful factor in predicting physical activity intention and behaviour.

Despite benefits of physical activity, the level of physical activity is not desirable in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is the using of integration of intervention based on the theory of protection motivation and implementation intention in order to improve the level of activity in patients with diabetes. This field trial study has been performed on 125 patients with type 2 diabetes. Samples have been randomly selected, and they are divided into two intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, training sessions were conducted based on the protection motivation theory and implementation intention. Physical activity levels, VO2 max, and hemoglobin A1C were measured before and three months after the intervention in the two groups. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 18, and independent t -test, paired t -test, and equivalent nonparametric tests were used for analyzing abnormal data. The results of this study showed that the level of physical activity was higher in the intervention group ( p = 0.02 ). Also, the amount of hemoglobin A1c in the intervention group has been decreased significantly three months later ( p < 0.001 ). In this study, VO2 max and blood lipids were not significantly different in the two groups. However, there was higher VO2 max compared to before the intervention in the intervention group. The present study showed that combining motivational interventions and implementing intention intervention can be effective in promoting the physical activity of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Psychological factors not only affect quality of life but also on the often determine the result of dealing with a chronic illness can play an important role. According to the paradox results in the fi eld of the relationship between mental health and spiritual health and limited studies about perceived stress and its relationship with spiritual health of patients with diabetes, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and spiritual health of patients with diabetes in the city of Urmia. This cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical) conducted with 330 patients with type 2 diabetes in rural health centers by random cluster sampling. Perceived Stress and spiritual health questionnaire was used to collect information. Data using descriptive statistics and independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coeffi cient were analyzed in SPSS v.21 software. The results of this study showed that the majority of the patients' perceived stress (70.9%) were in low level and the perceived stress mean of them were in the low level (7.6±24.22) too. In terms of the level of the spiritual health, all patients were in medium 750 ARTICLE INFORMATION:

An investigation of the perceived barriers ... [19] Theories, models and methods of health education ... [20] Health behavior and health education ... [21] An introduction to theories of ... [22] Health promotion by social cognitive ... [23] Socio-cognitive determinants of regular physical ... [24] Osteoporosis-related knowledge among students ... [25] Determinants of physical activity for prevention of osteoporosis ... [26] Survey on physical exercise among paramedical ... [27] Preventing obesity among adolescent girls, one-year ... [28] Predicting physical activity and healthy nutrition ... [29] Evaluation of education in promoting healthy ... [30] What determines the fruit and vegetables intake ... [31] Communication technologies-based lifestyle intervention ... [32] Social cognitive theory mediators of physical ... [33] Investigating the relationship between ... [34] A survey of social cognitive determinants of physical ... [35] Description and evaluation of a social cognitive ... [36] Determinants of physical activity behaviors ... [37] Social cognitive theories used to explain physical ... [38] Health-promotion intervention increases ... AimsOne of the effective factors in causing chronic diseases is inactivity. Therefore, considering the importance of modifying adolescent girls' physical activity behavior and developing appropriate educational strategies and interventions in this field, this study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) on adolescent girls' physical activity. Materials & Methods A Quasi-experimental study was conducted among 246 female high schools' Students (124=intervention group and 122=control group) in Rafsanjan (Southern Iran) by random cluster sampling in 2018-19. Demographics variables and valid and reliable questionnaire included the physical activity assessment of the last week and its effective factors based on SCT constructs collected in two stages. Educational interventions were applied in four sessions to students and two sessions to parents, teachers, and school officials. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Wilcoxon test, and the T-test. Findings After executing the educational program, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups in environmental factors (p=0.027), knowledge (p<0.001), family support (p=0.001), self-efficacy (p=0.001), and self-regulation (p=0.008), comparative between two groups the rates of daily and weekly physical activity increased (p=0.001). Conclusions The implementation of educational programs based on the SCT positively affects promoting physical activity in adolescents.