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The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of two months moderate exercise on levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-6 and IL-4 in serum and supernatants of in vitro mitogen-activated (PHA for 48 h) whole blood (WB) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Sixteen healthy males participated in running program (30 min/day, 5 days/week). Blood samples were collected in three stages; 24 h before to start exercise, 48 h and two months after the last session of the exercise. The samples were analyzed for the cytokines by ELISA. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 were increased significantly in activated PBMCs culture after exercise and were back to normal level after two months rest. A significant elevation of IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was observed in activated PBMCs culture by acting possibly on IFN-γ. The results suggest that short moderate intensity exercise enhances Th1 immune inflammatory and anti-allergic conditions in response to mitogen.

T regulatory cells (Tregs) are crucial for the development of self-tolerance and are the major focus in many studies interpreting the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG), an autoimmune-based disease. In normal conditions, Tregs regulate the immune responses, while impaired regulatory function of these cells can lead to autoimmunity. Recent studies have confirmed that the thymic and peripheral blood CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs of MG are defective in functions and/or in numbers, which are associated with disease severity; approaches to correct the defects of these Tregs may be promising in the treatment of MG. This review discusses recent studies on characteristics, quantitative and qualitative changes of Tregs and possible mechanisms that are involved in the impairment of these cells in MG pathogenesis. In addition, new approaches inducing Treg generation that are currently being investigated as therapies for MG, will be discussed as well as proposed approaches for future therapies.