Significance and Impact of the Study: Hemorrhagic septicemia is one of the most important diseases affecting the aquaculture industry, and the aeromonads are known as main causative agent of hemorrhagic septicemia in carp. This study revealed a high frequency of multi-drug resistance (MDR) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) among the Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from carp suspected with hemorrhagic septicemia, and highlighted the role of contaminated carp as reservoirs for more virulent and MDR isolates, which can represent a potential significant public health risk via seafood-borne infections. Also, the incidence of integrons in these isolates suggests the possibile role of transposable elements in the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and VFGs between bacteria.
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