This study aimed to determine the relationship of  thyroid hormone disturbance and prolactin over production to impact on the menstrual irregularities anovulation .This  study were carried out in Al-Karama teaching hospital and  included (47) primary infertile women, (30 ) of them were with hypothyroidism , the patients aged between (18-40). This study extended from February to June  2017. The hormonal assay of TSH, FT3, FT4 ,FSH , LH and PRL that revealed  :- There were high  significantly (p < 0.01) increased in TSH concentrations , significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in levels of FT3 and  FT4.Gonadotropins hormones recorded significantly ( p <0.05) decreased in levels of FSH and non significantly increased in levels of LH. Prolactin concentrations that obtained revealed to significantly (p < 0.05) increased in patients with hypothyroidism . This study reported there were (70%) of hypothyroidism patients with menstrual disturbance. We concluded , that hypothyroidism and Hyperprolactinemia commonly related and synergized to menstrual irregularities and ovulatory failure.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS (is a complex disorder which reflects variable clinical symptoms. There is considerable heterogeneity of symptoms and signs among women with PCOS, and for an individual, these may change over time. The genetic base of PCOS is not clear and no concrete genetic correlation was built with PCOS. The current study showed the presence of multiple peripheral small cysts 5-9 mm also there was an increase in ovarian volume 3.7-3.9 cm and change in ovarian dimensions with the ovary being more spherical. 20.8% of the PCOS patients included in this study found to have hyperthyroidism. Thethyroid stimulating hormone-TSH level was significantly higher 17.34±5.12μIU/ml in 4 POCS patients with thyroid hormones disturbance than the level in POCS patients without thyroid disturbance or healthy control group )2.19 ±0.47 and 2.33±0.44 μIU/ml respectively(. On the other hand, the rest of POCS patients with thyroid hormones disturbance 7 Patients showed lower significance levels of triiodothyronine-T3 and thyroxine-T4 (0.96±0.029 and 51.33± 10.96 n.mol/L respectively) than other groups. At the molecular analysis five substitution thyroid peroxidase genes -TPO mutations were detected in 5 patients with PCOS and thyroid hormones disturbances. Three of them were detected in exon 8 and two in exon 9. The missense substation mutations detected in this study involve one transition of T to C (c.904T>C) and 4 transversion of C to G, C to A and G to C (c.904T>C, c.1280C>G, c.1265C>A, c.1617G>C and c.1603G>C respectively).

This study was reflected on the relationship between the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the geneticalternations in TPO gene. Fifty infertile Iraqi women with PCOS and 20 healthy women were included in thisstudy, Blood samples were collected from the Infertility center of AL-Yarmok Teaching Hospital in Baghdad,during the period from November, 2010 to May, 2011. The age of infertile and fertile women was ranged from 16 to45 years. The results of hormonal assay were as follows: There is significant (P ≤0.05) decrease in E2 and FSHlevels in PCOS women and fertile women, There is significant (P ≤0.05) increase in LH levels in PCOS women andfertile women. There is no significant differences in Testosterone levels and the ratio of LH/FSH was ≥1.5. Themolecular study was focused on the 18% of PCOS women with hypothyroidism. By sequencing for 27 samples; twonovel different mutations were identified in the reading frame of the TPO gene in transcript variant of exon 9:c.1471delC (deletion C in codon 460) and c.1481delC (deletion C in codon 464). The percentage of mutationsc.1481delC and c.1471delC recorded 55% and 44% of PCOS with hypothyroidism; respectively.

This research was conducted to study the relationship between the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid disorders. The study includes 50 infertile Iraqi women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 20 healthy women. Blood samples were collected from the Infertility Center of AL-Yarmok Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, during the period from November, 2010 to May, 2011. The age of infertile and fertile women was ranged from 16 to 45 years. Hormonal study of Estradiol (E2), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Testosterone (T),Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) , Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxin(T4) was done for each patient. The results showed that there is a significant (P <0.05) decrease in E2 and FSH levels in PCOS women comparing with fertile women. Also a significant (P <0.05) increase in LH\FSH was detected in PCOS women and fertile women and non-significant (P <0.05) differences in testosterone, TSH, T3 and T4 levels between infertile and fertile women.The hormonal profile according to Body mass index -BMI was showed to be significantly (P <0.05) decreased in testosterone in obese and overweight PCOS women, significant (P <0.05) decrease in FSH level in obese PCOS women and no significant differences in E2 and LH levels.According to the hirsute in PCOS women the hormonal profile showed a significant (P <0.05) decrease in E2 and FSH levels in hirsute PCOS women, no significant differences in LH levels and elevated in testosterone levels but without significance in hirsute PCOS..

Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder of the skin that is characterized by circumscribed, depigmented macules and patches. Has an estimated prevalence of 0.5–2% of the population worldwide The condition is frequently associated with disorders of autoimmune origin and hereditary susceptibility in vitiligo patients may refer to proteins that are shown by melanin cells that are autoantigens that target melanin cells to destroy by the immune system.This review summarizes the current knowledge on vitiligo and attempts to give an overview of biochemical, immunogenic and genes that responsible or that may be candidates for the events of the Vitiligo disease.