Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is an emerging public health concern. The aim of this study was to assess the gender-specific knowledge of patients about diabetes mellitus, its complications, and its management.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatient clinics of Faisalabad, Pakistan, from November 2017 to March 2018. Consecutive patients with diabetes, aged >18 years, were administered a validated questionnaire related to knowledge of diabetes, its complications, and its management. An analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results were stratified on the basis of gender and were compared using chi-square tests.Results: Of the 840 patients recruited, 76.4% were aged >50 years. About 57% were women, and 43% were men. Most men (89.4%) and women (91.7%) were aware that the management of diabetes requires a cutting down in the consumption of refined sugar, and 64.6% and 50.4%, respectively, reported that they exercise regularly to control their glucose levels. Moreover, 14% of the men and 25% of the women responded that they knew neuropathy is a complication of diabetes.Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus has debilitating effects on patients and communities. To effectively manage diabetes and to delay the development of complications, there is a dire need to educate patients, families, and communities.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an emergent threat to public health, causing a burden of devastating complications and related health issues. In the modern era, the management of DM has greatly depended on awareness and knowledge dissemination and patient education about its significance. Aim: To evaluated the awareness and understanding of DM complications among patients with diabetes. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Family Medicine Clinics in Faisalabad from 1st Sep to 31st December 2020. Methodology: One thousand, one hundred and eighty diabetic patients with age over 14 years from urban and rural areas were included. Non-consenting and seriously ill patients were excluded. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire based on demographics, personal and familial diabetic history and diabetes complications-related awareness items were used. Results: 83.2% patients were symptomatic, and 16.3% had an incidental diagnosis. Most of these patients were suffering from type 2 DM, and more than 40% never had their HbA1c level checked. Comprehensive assessment of awareness relating to diabetes complications showed that 75.8% knew about muscle weakness, lower limb sensory defect (76.9%), eye problems (70.4%), infections (66.8%), foot complications like amputation (63.1%) and hypertension (62.9%). A significant association was found between age and diabetic history with respect to diagnosis and familial history of diabetes (p<0.05). Moreover, the awareness of DM complications was significant among the patients aged 41 to 65 years (p<0.05). Conclusion: Most of the enrolled patients were aware of complications of diabetes, including muscle weakness, lower limb sensory defect, eye problems, infections, foot complications like amputation and hypertension. Female gender and patients aged 41 to 65 years had a significantly greater understanding of diabetic complications. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Awareness, Complications, Clinical outcomes

Introduction:Anemia represents a decrease in red cell mass or hemoglobin contents of blood below physiological needs (11-12mg/dl) as set by tissues oxygen demand. Physiological adaptation in pregnancy leads to physiological anemia of pregnancy so women in child bearing years are particularly susceptible to iron-deficiency anemia. The reasons are both the loss of blood through menstruation and increase blood supply demands during pregnancy. Materials and methods: Study design: Descriptive crosssectional study method. Setting: It was conducted in Gynecology clinics of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Duration of study: 6 months (Jan-June 2019). Sample Size: 60 pregnant women. Sample Technique: Simple random sampling. Sample selection: Pregnant women of first trimester falling in age group of 18-35 years were included while non-pregnant women, pregnant women of second and third trimesters and pregnant women of age < 15 years and > 35 years were excluded. Data analysis: SPSS version 20.Results: Out of 60 pregnant women, 73.3% (44) were anemic, of which 36.7% (22) were mildly anemic (10-10.9 g/dl), 30% (18) were moderately anemic(7-9 g/dl) and only 6.7% (4) were severely anemic (<7 g/dl). The rest of 26% (16) were with normal hemoglobin levels.Conclusion: Anemia in pregnancy is the most common health issue which needs prime attention of health care workers because a high percentage of women suffer from it. Therefore women of childbearing age should be provided nutritional education and proper awareness about food sources of iron. Adequate diet before and during pregnancy and proper perinatal care are the need of hour.