Studies were carried out to estimate heterosis for yield and yield traits in bottle gourd. Heterosis for fruit yield per vine ranged from -35.2 to 23.9 per cent over mid parent and -17.6 to 68.5 per cent over standard check Samrat. For number of fruits per plant and average fruit weight was ranged from -28.2 to17.9 per cent and -22.1 to 22.4 per cent over mid parent and -17.6 to 53.3 per cent and -11.7 to 44.6 per cent over standard check Samrat, respectively. Regarding fruit length the heterosis ranged from -15.1 to 19.9 over mid parent while standard heterosis ranged from -7.05 to 48.9. Heterosis for days to first fruit harvest ranged from -0.53 to -12.4 and -0.55 to -14.7 over mid parent and standard check respectively. It was important to note that six F 1 hybrids viz., Samrat X Aditi followed by Aditi X TC 092372, IC 093236 X TC 092372, Samrat X TC 092372, Samrat X IC 093236 and Aditi X PSPL produced significantly higher yield than the standard check Samrat.

Variation present in vegetables provides plentiful of opportunity for development of breeding lines and hybrids. Germplasm development depends on incorporation of approaches such as MAGIC population, use of wild relatives, genetic transformation for transferring resistance gene and gene pyramiding. These approaches are most reliable to improve qualitative as well as quantitative characters. Since conventional methods are time consuming, molecular techniques are also utilized at appropriate stages to enhance swiftness of line development. Molecular approaches includes many tools but marker assisted selection is best to use in vegetable breeding programme. It helps to rapid back cross breeding also selection of resistance or qualitative lines from segregating populations. Double haploid is one of finest methods to create diverse pure lines in short interval. There are many ways to incorporate diverse gene in single line through double haploid technology. Hybridization mating such as line x tester or diallel are common methods instead combination breeding method is very result oriented as compared with others. The success rate of specific combination breeding is as much as double as associated with other ones.

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