In this work, an approach to upcycling plastic waste (PW) products is presented. The method relies on flash Joule heating (FJH) to convert PW into flash graphene (FG). In addition to FG, the process results in the formation of carbon oligomers, hydrogen, and light hydrocarbons. In order to make high-quality graphene, a sequential alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) flash is used. The FJH process requires no catalyst and works for PW mixtures, which makes the process suitable for handling landfill PW. The energy required to convert PW to FG is ∼23 kJ/g or ∼$125 in electricity per ton of PW, potentially making this process economically attractive for scale-up. The FG was characterized by Raman spectroscopy and had an I 2D /I G peak ratio up to 6 with a low-intensity D band. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis show that the FG is turbostratic with an interlayer spacing of 3.45 Å. The large interlayer spacing will facilitate its dispersion in liquids and composites. Analysis of FG dispersions in 1% Pluronic aqueous solution shows that concentrations up to 1.2 mg/mL can be achieved. The carbon oligomers that distilled from the process were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and have chemical structures similar to the starting PW. Initial analysis of gas-phase products shows the formation of considerable amounts of hydrogen along with other light hydrocarbons. As graphene is naturally occurring and shows a low toxicity profile, this could be an environmentally beneficial method to upcycle PW.

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Budesonide is a potent glucocorticoid with a high local anti-inflammatory effect and low systemic bioavailability. The inhaled form is used in the long-term management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Several analytical methods including UV, HPLC, LC-MS techniques has been developed for Budesonide alone and in combination with others. Methods indicating HPLC bioanalytical method, stability indicating HPLC method, ion pairing chromatographic method and chemometrics assisted HPLC methods are also described for Budesonide. For qualitative and quantitative estimation of Budesonide these analytical methods can be used. The following study describes reported analytical methods of Budesonide.

Aim: Oral dosage form of drug mainly depends on its absorption, dissolution, and diffusion through gastrointestinal membrane is promising approach/mechanism. The major challenge in case of most of the drugs is aqueous solubility. This work focusing on preparation of bionanocomposites (BNCs) of such poorly water-soluble drug by microwave induced diffusion (MIND) technique to enhance drug solubility in aqueous medium and increase its rate of dissolution. Considering to this the drug was selected from Biopharmaceutical Classification System class-II drug. Materials and Methods: Nifedipine and newer natural carriers such as Moringa oleifera Gum and Aegle marmelos (L.) were selected and used for BNCs preparation which was based on their wetting and surface active agent property. BNCs were prepared by most convenient and cost-effective MIND technique. The enhanced solubility and dissolution of BNCs were assessed by in vitro solubility and dissolution studies. Results and Discussion: It was demonstrated that the dissolution of nifedipine enhanced with an increase in polymer concentration. Mostly, the optimized ratio of drug and polymer from the entire composite was found Nifedipine Moringa Oleifera Bionanocomposite (NIMONC) 1:2 and Nifedipine Aegle Marmelos Bionanocomposite (NIAMNC) 1:3, BNCs with natural carriers which shown significant enhancement in solubility. Characterizations of prepared BNCs have been done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction studies, and scanning electron microscopy. Conclusion: Enhancement in the solubility might be because of formation of drug dispersion at micro and nanoscale level. Hence, the development of BNCs is a promising approach to increase solubility and rate of dissolution of poorly water-soluble drug.

The core focus of current research is chemical polysaccharide modification in pharmaceutical applications. The gum is made from the endosperm of Sesbania grandiflora Plant seeds that belongs to family Leguminosae. Both water-soluble and waterinsoluble gum were present in the Sesbania seed powder; the water-soluble gum was removed during purification, yielding a 30% purification yield. In order to increase the applications of partially hydroxypropyl Sesbania gum, the modifications indicated here entail adding hydroxypropyl groups to the molecule under a variety of different conditions. Among the factors that were looked at were the etherifying agent concentration, alkaline volume, and preparation medium parameters, including the reaction time and temperature. The degree of substitution (DS) was raised, which boosted the unaltered gum’s solubility, stability, and viscosity. Increases in an etherifying agent and alkali concentration, volume, reaction duration, and temperature increase DS from 0.4 to 0.7. The finished product was characterized using IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, rheologic property, solubility, swelling index, and gel fraction analysis of batch F1 as an improved batch. The alternate method for developing drug-loaded nanoparticles for controlled release dosages form by suing hydroxypropyl Sesbania gum.