The scapula is a complex anatomical unit; it connects the humerus with the clavicle. The scapula presents several variations, based on race, sex and region. Sexual dimorphism plays a key role in forensic anthropology. The scapula is sexually dimorphic and can potentially be used in forensic investigations. A cross-sectional study was conducted under Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, between July 2017 and June 2018, to observe the morphometric pattern of the left scapula in adult male and female Bangladeshi people for establishment of a baseline anatomical data for future studies. Shoulder radiograph of anterior-posterior view were taken from 100 apparently healthy adult male and female patients aged between 25 and 50 years who were attending the Department of Radiology & Imaging, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. From these images morphological measurements like the length and breadth of left scapula, the lengths of infraspinous line and scapular spine were measured by software named RadiAnt DICOM Viewer. The length and breadth of left scapula, the length of coracoid process, as well as the lengths of infraspinous line and scapular spine were found significantly higher in males. To summarize, a significant difference was observed in morphological measurements of the left scapula between the sexes in Bangladeshi people.  CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 12-16

Background: Constipation is a common problem throughout childhood. It is important to be fully aware of the factors involved in developing constipation in children. There are few published articles on childhood constipation in Bangladesh. In this study, our aim was to evaluate demography and probable/potential risk factors for functional constipation in Bangladeshi children.Methods: The study was carried out among 179 children from May 2018 to June 2019 in the department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) both indoor and outdoor basis. Children with constipation who fulfilled the ROME III criteria were evaluated for demography and probable/potential risk factors of constipation.Results: A total of 179 subjects were included in the final analysis. Among them, 54.75% were boys and 45.25% were girls. Constipation was found more in the age group above 5 years (56.42%), then in 2 to 5 years age group (33.52%) and lower in below 2 years of age (10.6%). Constipation was more among children living in urban area (55.3%) than in rural area (44.69%). Constipation was the presenting complaint in 76.54% subjects, other complaints were abdominal pain (47.49%), anorexia (24.02%), vomiting (19.56%). Diet low in fiber (72.63%) was found as the most common potential risk factor, other factors were ingestion of cow’s milk (32.96%), not having regular meals with parents (19.55%), consumption of junk foods (28.49%). Staying with grandparents (16.76%), living in hostel or madrasa / residential religious institute (5.03%), long period of academic activity, [homework (10.61%) / tutor and coaching (7.26%)], unhygienic toilet in school (6.14%) were also found to be probable associated factors in this study.Conclusions: Functional constipation was found more in boy’s and above five year age group. Low dietary fiber, consumption of cow’s milk and junk food, unwillingness to use toilets in school, long time in academic activity, were found to be potential underlying risk factors of constipation.

Introduction: Acute hepatitis may be caused by a variety of insult which may also progress to acute liver failure a condition associated with high morbidity & mortality without liver transplant. It is important to establish the underlying aetiology of acute hepatitis, as the outcome varies according to aetiology & risk of progression to acute liver failure also differs accordingly.