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Patients and Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2019, among 373 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at Dilla University referral hospital. Socio-demographic factors, nutritional, medical and obstetric information of the study participants were collected using a structured questionnaire. Hemoglobin was measured using a hemacue machine, and fecal specimens were examined to detect intestinal parasites. Bivariate and multiple variable binary logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of anemia. A p-value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: Overall prevalence of anemia was 28.7%, of which 19.6% had mild anemia. Decreased odds of anemia were found in women with good nutritional status (MUAC ≥24 cm) (AOR= 0.07 95% CI: 0.03-0.1), iron supplementation (AOR=0.06 95% CI: 0.02-0.15) and birth spacing ≥2 yrs (AOR=0.03 95% CI: 0.009-0.45). However, increased odds of anemia were seen in pregnant women with intestinal parasites (AOR=6.11 95% CI 7.70-37.0). Conclusion: The magnitude of anemia among pregnant women was found to be a moderate public health problem. Iron supplementation, good nutritional status (MUAC> 24 cm), and birth spacing reduce the odds of anemia. But having intestinal parasites was found to increase the likelihood of anemia during pregnancy. Counseling on birth spacing, strengthening iron supplementation, and intestinal parasite management during pregnancy should be given due emphasis.

Background Adequate infant and young child feeding during the first 1000 days of life is very essential to improve child health, survival, growth, and development through minimum dietary diversity (MDD). Hence, this study aimed to assess MDD and its multi-level factors among infants and young children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia. Methods Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS-2016) data was used to identify both individual and community-level factors of dietary diversity. Weighted samples of 2,962 children were eligible and a multi-level regression model was used for the analysis. Finally, factors with a P-value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of MDD among children in Ethiopia was 12.09%. According to this study, factors such as having a mother who attended higher education (AOR = 3.09, (95% CI; _1.67–5.71)), being a female household head (AOR = 0.62, (95% CI; _0.40–0.95)), having a mother's agricultural occupation (AOR = 1.89, (95% CI; _1.10–3.23)) and living in the household in the richest wealth index were significantly associated at the individual level. At the community level, children living in rural areas (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI; 0.39–0.98) were significant risk factors for MDD (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI; 0.39–0.98). Conclusion The educational and occupational status of the mother, wealth index, and region were significantly associated with MDD. Hence, strengthening of the existing nutritional intervention is helpful to increase diversified food consumption among children.

Without appropriate intervention, HIV/AIDS and Malnutrition are interconnected and can worsen health situation of individuals in a vicious cycle. In Sub Saharan African countries including Ethiopia, the problem of HIV/AIDS, poverty and malnutrition are among the top development concerns. However, little have been studied about nutritional status of HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART drugs. Thus, in this study we did assess nutritional status of adults living with HIV/AIDS receiving ART in Dilla University Referral Hospital, Gedio zone, Southern Ethiopia. Institutional-based cross-sectional study was used from March to May 2015 on 389 PLWHA adults taking ART drug at the hospital. Study participants were randomly selected among all adult ART clients at the Hospital. Data collection was done using: face-to-face interview using structured and pretested questionnaire, secondary data from the record in the hospital and Anthropometric measurement. Data analysis was done using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. There was 100% response rate and majority (about 60%) of the study participants were female where as 25% of them had chronic energy deficiency with (BMI<18.5kg/m²). Among key factors that predict nutritional status of the study participants were: Clinical stage of HVI/AIDS infection, wealth status, presence of care giver, dietary diversity, food security status and CD4 cell count were significantly associated with under nutrition. In addition to clinical factors, food insecurity and low dietary diversity status were found as important risk factor associated with malnutrition. We concluded that, since only ART can't solve problem of malnutrition, attention needs to be given to improve income, food security, feeding habits and dietary diversity of PLWHA.