This paper aims to identify the challenges faced by Pakistani students during online learning environment, to determine whether a difference exist between males and females students regarding challenges faced during online learning, and to evaluate the effectiveness of online learning in Pakistan from students' perspectives. The population of the present study was consisted of students who were taking online classes in Lahore Pakistan. The study design was cross sectional and analytic study. A sample of 550 students was drawn. The technique of simple random sampling was used for this purpose. Google form questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. Frequency table were used to represent the findings. One Sample t-test applied regarding problem faced by students in online learning, Independent Sample t-test regarding difference between male and female students responses about challenges faced during online education and One way ANOVA for significant difference between qualification level of students responses about challenges faced during online education. Results revealed that all the students were facing same issues either they were school level or university level. Male and female students were facing same challenges in online classes. Online learning cannot produce good results in developing countries like Pakistan, where a huge majority of students are not able to access the good internet facility due to technical as well as financial issues. This study addressed the effectiveness of online and challenges faced by students who are taking online classes. As per this study, 88% of students had not proper internet facility and they faced lots of internet issues and 65% students were not satisfied with online learning 85% students complaining about eye sight issue by taking online classes on devices 50% students were unable to manage the university affairs. As a result, we found that all the students were facing same issues either they were school level or university level. We also obtained that male and female students were facing same challenges in online classes.

Composting is regarded as profitable and ecological way to lessen the biodegradable waste dumping in landfills.. In this study, the effects of pit (1 cu yd) composting at Composting Site of CEES, PU on properties of adjoining soil, guava (Psidiumguajava) and Kachnar (Bauhiniavariegata) trees; assessed on the basis of selected soil properties and morphological features of trees. The results showed that the compost prepared by pit composting at the composting site had following properties: bulk density 0.75±0.06g/cm3, water holding capacity 38.67±7.72 %, pH 8.49± 0.31 and electrical conductivity 1.43±0.58, total Kjeldahl nitrogen 3.18±0.99, total organic carbon 0.39±0.12, organic matter 0.67± 0.06, calcium 1.04± 0.31, sodium 0.25±0.15, and potassium 130.11±6.94. All the quality parameters of compost were in the typical range of standard set by U.S Composting Council. The soil in the adjoining areas of composting site showed significant improvement in the quality than soils located far away from the composting time. It was mainly because of flow of runoff from pit composting site, as well as, due to lateral flow of compost tea from the compost pit to the surrounding soils. Both guava and kachnar trees showed highly significant increase in plant growth as compared to similar trees growing at soils far away from the composting site.

The current study has been completed by collecting the 20 water samples from Allama Iqbal Town Lahore, including ten from WASA (Water And Sanitation Agency) filter plants in Iqbal Town other samples were collected from different depths from Allama Iqbal Town Lahore. After the collection of water samples, these were taken to the green lab for physiochemical analysis of samples. Water samples were subjected to Physicochemical analysis that includes temperature, pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Chloride, Arsenic, Cadmium, Sodium, Nickle, Fluoride. APHA techniques were used to analysis of water samples. Comparison of samples results with values given by the World Health Organization, represented by graphs and location maps. The Filtration plant and tap water samples were odourless, tasteless, and colourless. The amount of Lead in all the parameters was below the detectable level. Correlation analysis was applied to all the parameters to check out the deep relationship among all the parameters.The correlation results showed that with the increase of pH value, all studied traits values were increased except turbidity Physiochemical parameters in all water samples of WASA (Water And Sanitation Agency) filtration plants were within the permissible limits. It revealed that water samples of filtration plants were fit for drinking purposes. Physiochemical parameters in all water samples collected from the different depths of Lahore were not within the permissible limits, and it revealed that the tap water had arsenic amount and water collected from shallow depth have not permissible limit of sulphate, Total Hardness and Total Dissolved Solids. This showed that Tap water samples were unfit for drinking.