The present study is an attempt to address the efficiency and performance of construction companies in Egypt. This study highlights and compares different types of organizational structures of contracting firms of classification "A". Comparison covers Functional, Divisional and Matrix organizational structures. It analyses and evaluates the effect of the organizational structure on the contracting companies' performance and success. Restrictions of contracting firms of classification "A" according to EFCBC (Egyptian Federation for Construction and Building Contractors) on companies' performance are investigated. Seven main contracting firms of classification "A" representing private, business and public sectors are considered in the present field survey. The field study is conducted by using survey questionnaire, personal interviews for the companies' employees and formal data from the selected companies. Obtained results show that the organizational structure operates in its highest efficiency when hiring minimum number of most qualified personnel. Moreover, avoiding centralization i.e. routine; bureaucracy and long paper work have a significant impact. This research confirmed the domination of functional organization structure in Egyptian companies. The study concludes that a composite structure between matrix and functional organizational structure based on (geographical location or project type), may be recommended as the optimal organizational structure for contracting firms of class "A" in Egypt.

The implementation of major projects is complicated by the multiplicity of beneficiaries, owners, and all participants in the project as well as the technical overlap between the various engineering, financial and administrative works, while the specific features of the construction activity have a clear influence in shaping the nature of construction projects because the implementation processes were associated with a deep and long-term intervention in the natural environment, where construction is a burden on the environment, both in the construction phase and during the maintenance and liquidation phases: it requires depreciation of a large number of material resources. Through that, this study focused on clarifying the most important concepts of risk management and modern strategies in risk analysis and how to respond to them and monitor projects. The study then presented a questionnaire for the risks facing major projects in Egypt. Through analyzing the results of the questionnaire, a qualitative risk analysis was conducted that can be used to prioritize response to risks, in addition to conducting a Monte Carlo simulation based on theoretical foundations and providing a new process for prioritizing project risks related to sustainability, where the (Primavera Risk Analysis) program was used to clarify the impact of risks on project time and cost. All analyses are based on the theoretical background regarding risk, risk management process, and project life cycle approach in the sustainable construction sector. with the help of this study, it is possible to address ways of mitigating the harmful effects on the environment through the implementation of sustainable management in the planning of future projects and better management of current projects.

LEED, BREEAM, Green Pyramid, and TARSHEED Rating Systems are incapable of maintaining the health and welfare of building occupants, so many claims have been against developers, engineers, and real estate owners, due to sick building syndromes (SBS) related to the poor design of the aspect. Many of the environment-related aspects directly contradict the health-related aspects. The S.R.A focuses on the sustainable aspects, regardless of the health impact of humans using this building. Light can affect human health through the systems visible and invisible to the eye and its impact on eyestrain and headache. Stress and depression are two of the most common psychological disorders and diseases in modern communities living in apartments and dark, narrow houses. As a result, it appears that the effect of light and spatial proportion in modern small houses plays a significant role in the occurrence and treatment of these disorders. We could prevent and treat these disorders with flexible design , lighting ,and optimal space design. The main objective of this study is to design well-lit spaces to preserve the health and well-being of the occupants of the building and to achieve visual comfort through the application of the elements that lead to this, in addition to the building being compatible with sustainable rating systems and knowing any system concerned with lighting and human comfort.

This paper describes an improved version of the H oo control schemes to enhance the performance and stability of the superconducting generator (SCG). A Flexible control structure is proposed, designed and implemented to overcome the problems that resulting from the low inherent damping nature of the superconducting generator. The controller is implemented using a detailed nonlinear simulation. The timeinvariant state space model is also obtained and the system oscillatory modes are given. The simulation results are represented in comparison with other results which obtained using conventional control systems. The linear time response simulation and the non-linear time response with the transient stability analysis confirms the superiority of the proposed controller and illustrate its effectiveness in system stabilization.