The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Grow K Probio (commercial product) supplementation in the rations of growing lambs at different levels on performance, digestion coefficients, nutritive values, nitrogen utilization, daily gain, feed conversion and economic efficiency. Twenty-four Frafra lambs (23.70 + 2.56 Kg body weight) were randomly distributed into four groups, each with six animals. The first group was a control group and animals fed on1 kg concentrate feed mixture (CFM) and 1% Alfalfa hay of live body weight (LBW), while animal in groups T1, T2 and T3 fed the same control diet supplemented with 2.5, 5 and 7.5 g/h/d commercial probiotic (Grow K Probio/h/day), respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 120 days for average daily gain, feed intake and fed conversion ratio measurements. Four digestibility trials were also carried out using twelve local rams randomly assigned into four groups (4 rams/trial) for nutrients digestibility, nutritive values and nitrogen utilization measurements. Results indicated that the digestibility of all nutrients and feeding value of experimental rations containing Grow K Probio increased (P<0.05) with increasing the level of Grow K Probio supplementation as compared to the control ration. Daily dry matter intake expressed as DM and TDN was significantly (P<0.05) higher in lambs fed rations containing different levels of Grow K Probio than those fed control ration. Lambs received 5 g/h/d Grow K Probio recorded highest (P<0.05) average daily weight gain (ADG) than those received other Grow K Probio levels and control ration. The lambs fed different levels of probiotic (Grow K Probio) had (P<0.05) significant effect, on rumen NH3-N and total volatile fatty acids. However, rumen pH not affected. Feed conversion and economic efficiency of lambs fed T2 and T1 were improved when compared with T3 and control groups. It could be concluded that, supplementation of probiotics particularly with the level 5 g /h/d probiotic (Grow K Probio) to growing lambs improve nutrient digestibility, daily gain, feed conversion and economic efficiency as compared with other groups.

No abstract

Background: Amblyopia is the commonest childhood vision disorder, most children with amblyopia require refractive correction as well as patching; Evidences for direct retinal changes in amblyopic eyes are still inconclusive and controversial.Objectives: To detect changes in the macula by macular Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) after part time occlusion in children with amblyopia. Patients and Methods:Arandomised non controlled study included forty child suffering amblyopia in this study. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA: 0.1-0.5) were recruited and treated with refractive correction, and part time occlusion (6 hours/day) for one week per year. BCVA and macular thickness were measured by OCT before and after treatment. Factorial repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to determine the macular thickness in amblyopic eyes changed after amblyopia treatment. Results:The mean age of children was 8.57±2.52 years. There was a statistically significant difference in the central macular thickness pre & post amblyopia treatment. There was no statistically significant difference for the other macular thickness parameters except for superior quadrant of parapovea where the difference was significantly significant. Conclusion:The mean of central macular thickness and superior quadrant of parapovea increased after part time occlusion treatment compared to pretreatment. No significant difference in average macular thickness, (nasal, temporal, inferior) parapovea, perifovea, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell layer (GCL) before and after treatment.