Renewable energy sources (RESs) offer a promising prospect for covering the fundamental needs of electricity for remote and isolated regions. To serve the customers with high power quality and reliability, design optimization methodology and a possible power management strategy (PMS) for winddiesel-battery-converter hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is proposed in this paper. The analysis is applied to a real case study of a standalone residential load located in a remote rural area in Pakistan. Firstly, optimal component sizing is investigated according to actual meteorological and load profile data. Different hybrid configurations are modeled, analyzed, and compared in terms of their technical, economic and environmental metrics with the aid of HOMER R software. The main objective is to determine the most feasible and cost-effective solution with least life-cycle cost, keeping in view the impact of carbon emissions. Secondly, a suitable PMS based on the state of charge (SOC) of the battery is proposed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink R software for the designed HRES. The PMS is targeted to maintain load balance and extract maximum wind power while keeping the battery SOC within the safe range. Model predictive control (MPC) approach is applied to improve the output voltage profile and reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD). The boost converter is used for maximum power extraction from the wind. The DC-DC buck-boost battery controller is utilized to stabilize the DC bus voltage. The design optimization results show that the hybridization of wind, battery, and converter presents optimal configuration plan with minimum values of total net present cost (14,846 $) and cost of energy (0.309 $/kWh), which means 76.7% reduction in both total system cost and energy cost and 100% saving in harmful emissions when compared to the base case using diesel generator. The proposed system is able to support hundred percent of the load demand with excess energy of 30.1%. Performance analysis of PMS under variable load and fluctuating wind power generation is tested, and promising results with efficient load voltage profile is observed. Further, THD is reduced significantly to 0.26% as compared to 2.62% when the conventional PI controller is used. The output of this work is expected to open a new horizon for researchers, system planners for efficient design and utilization of HRES to curb drastic increase in load demand for urban as well as rural areas. INDEX TERMS Hybrid renewable energy system, techno-economic optimization, power management strategy, model predictive control, residential load, net present cost, microgrid, HOMER R software. NONCULTURE ABBREVIATIONS RES Renewable energy source RERs Renewable energy resources PMS Power management strategy The associate editor coordinating the review of this article and approving it for publication was Shuaihu Li.

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Microgrids being an important entity in the distribution system, and to get their full advantages by incorporating maximum distributed generation, standalone hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs), being environmentally-safe and economically-efficient, are considered as the promising solution to electrify remote areas where the grid power is not available. In this work, a techno-economic investigation with an optimal design of HRES is presented to fulfill the domestic electricity need for a residential area of the Sherani district in the Province of Baluchistan, Pakistan. Nine case studies based on PV/wind/diesel/battery are analyzed based on net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE), and emission to decide the feasible solution. HOMER tool is utilized to accomplish modeling and simulation for economic analysis and optimal sizing. Simulation results demonstrated that HRES with PV-wind-battery is the most viable option for the specified area, and the optimal sizing of components are also obtained with $ 28,620 NPC and $ 0.311/kWh COE which shows 81.65 % reduction in cost and 100 % preserving in toxic emission while fulfilling 100 % energy demand with 67.3 % of excess energy. Furthermore, MATLAB/Simulink modeling for the optimally designed system is built for technical analysis while its effectiveness is proved by keeping dc and ac buses voltage constant, safe operating range of battery state of charge (SOC) with active power balance between HRES components, as well as efficient ac voltage quality, regardless of generation disturbances and load fluctuations. The output signal has total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.30 % as compared to 5.44 % with the conventional control scheme. The novelty lies in the sequential application of both HOMER and MATLAB simulations of the proposed HRES model and validation of the proposition for the studied area; by using and implementing model predictive control (MPC) of a reconfigurable inverter. WT

His research interests include modeling and control of motor drives, motion-control systems, wind energy systems, digital signal processing-based computer control systems, computational intelligent of power electronics, electric drives and power systems, intelligent control theories including fuzzy logic, neural networks, and wavelets, nonlinear control, optimal control, and robust control. MD. RABIUL ISLAM (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the