Percutaneous nephrolithotomy should be performed by an experienced endourologist in patients at risk for severe bleeding, such as those with a solitary kidney or staghorn stones.

PCNL is a valuable treatment option for complete staghorn stones with a stone-free rate approaching that of open surgery. Moreover, it has the advantages of lower morbidity, shorter operative time, shorter hospital stay and earlier return to work.

No abstract

No abstract

Semirigid ureteroscopy is a safe and highly effective treatment modality for ureteral stones.