BACKGROUND: Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are prone to develop atherothrombotic events due to platelet hyper-reactivity stemming from platelet miRNA-223 down-regulation and over-expression of its corresponding target, P2RY12. OBJECTIVE: The study sought to determine the effects of long-term aerobic training on the expression levels of miRNA-223 and P2RY12 mRNA, and platelet function in T2DM patients. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with T2DM (age, 60.0±2.8 yrs.) were selected and randomly divided into two groups: aerobic exercise training (AET, n = 12) and control (CON, n = 12). The AET protocol was performed with moderate intensity for 12 weeks, while patients in the CON group followed their usual routine. Weight, body mass index (BMI), peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), platelet miRNA-223 and P2RY12 expression were measured before and after the period. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in body weight, BMI, VO2peak, FBG, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR, after 12 weeks of AET (P < 0.01). Platelet aggregation decreased significantly after 12 weeks in the AET group compared with the CON (P < 0.001) group. Platelets’ miRNA-223 and P2RY12 were significantly up- and down-regulated after AET in comparison with the CON group (P < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, the relative expression of miRNA-223 and P2RY12 significantly correlated with FBG changes following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that long-term moderate-intensity aerobic training might be effective for reducing the occurrence of atherothrombotic events leading to premature death in T2DM patients through the modulation of miRNA-223, P2RY12 receptor expression, and platelet function.

Short-term endurance training dose not induce up-regulation of hsa-miR-223 and down-regulation of P2RY12, while it has a positive impact on platelet function, glycemic indices, physical fitness and body composition in female T2DM patients.

Background This study examines the factor structure, reliability and test-retest validity of the 12-item Iranian version of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM). Additionally, the MEIM’s concurrent validity was tested by investigating the association between ethnic identity and subjective well-being. Method The scale was translated into Persian language and was administered to 426 students (193 female) at a major public university in Tehran along with the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results The confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor first-order commitment, and exploration (consisting of 12 items), and the second-order unidimensional factor structure of general ethnic identity. Moreover, we found evidence for good internal consistency, test re-test reliability, and concurrent validity. Conclusion The MEIM Persian version was found to be a valid and reliable measure to examine ethnic identity in this Iranian student population, for both males and females. These results support the utility of the Persian version of the MEIM for its use in Middle-Eastern contexts.

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