Introduction: Bedside teaching is the core teaching strategy in the clinical study in undergraduate medical education of Bangladesh. Many of the environments and opportunities available for bedside teaching and learning have changed. Students’ views about current status of bed side teaching in Obstetrics and Gynaecology was studied in this study.Methodology: This was a cross sectional study conducted in seven (three public and four private) medical colleges in Bangladesh from July 2012 to June 2013. A total 578, 5th year MBBS students were enrolled who have completed at least 15 days of bedside teaching in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department. A self-administered structured questionnaire (Annex 1) with a five point Likert scale (1- strongly disagree, 5-strongly agree) was used for obtaining information from the students. The questionnaire had four main sections- physical environment of bedside sessions, issues regarding patient’s comfort and attitude towards patient, teaching tasks, group dynamics and there was a space to write any other comments. Each section had a number of items and total 25 items were observed. For each variable frequency distribution, mean score and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. Here mean score 5- no need of further improvement, as it covered all the required criteria, 4 to <5- very minimum effort, 3 to <4- some effort, 2 to <3= moderate effort, 1to <2= considerable efforts are needed to fulfill the required criteria.Result: The overall mean score on physical environment factors was 2.75(.44), issues regarding patient’s comfort and attitude toward patient was 3.74(.48), teaching tasks was 3.12(.45) and group dynamics was 3.08(.21).Conclusion: In all aspects of bed side teaching minimum to moderate efforts are necessary to make it more effective. The administrators and teachers should ensure comfortable physical environment in bedside teaching and must learn how to involve patients and learners in the educational process. So along with training on general principles of teaching, the clinical teachers should be provided with special training on bedside teaching skills.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(4): 163-169

Background. Nutritional status is the best indicator of global well-being. Childhood malnutrition is a major public health problem among Bangladeshi children. Objectives.The main objectives of this study are to: (i) determine the prevalence of malnutrition among under-five (U5) children; (ii) assess the association between malnutrition and selected factors; (iii) determine the high-risk factors for malnutrition and its impact on U5 mortality. Material and methods. The data was taken from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2014. Chi-square analysis was performed to explore the association between malnutrition and selected potential factors. Moreover, logistic regression (LR) was also performed to determine the factors associated with malnutrition and its impact on U5 mortality based on the p-value and odds ratio (OR) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 37.1%, 14.7% and 33%, respectively. Most of the selected factors were found to be highly significant (p < 0.05), which were performed via chi-square analysis. In the LR model, it was found that place of residence, region, mother's working status, mother's education, mother's age at first birth, wealth index and toilet facilities were the factors mostly responsible for child malnutrition. Our study also showed that wasting and underweight have a significant impact on U5 mortality. Conclusions. It is recommended that educating mothers, delaying a mother's age for first birth, improving sanitation facilities, reducing poverty and creating health-related services are essential to improve a child's health and nutritional status. As a result, U5 mortality will be reduced in Bangladesh.

BackgroundThe Rohingya people of Myanmar have been subject to government-sponsored discrimination, detention, violence, and torture, causing several waves of a mass exodus to Bangladesh. Since August 2017, when the latest wave of migration began, there has been a rapid expansion of refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, with camps now accommodating approximately 335,000 new refugees. In this rapidly changing scenario, assessing the needs of the Rohingya and the host communities in Cox’s Bazar is critical for prioritizing resource allocation. We conducted a rapid needs assessment survey in both the Rohingya and host communities in Cox’s Bazar to highlight the most pressing needs in the community. MethodsWe conducted a randomized survey of 402 recently-arrived Rohingya households and 400 households in the local host community, from March 15 to March 18, 2018. The survey collected information on household demographics, mortality, education of all members, income, and livelihoods, access to food and water, vaccination, and access and utilization of healthcare. We calculated descriptive statistics and appropriate standard errors for survey responses on these topics.FindingsThe sampled Rohingya households were younger than the host community households. Two-thirds of the reported deaths in the Rohingya households in the last 12 months were among male household members, with a low overall mean age at death (38.7 years). The majority (76·0%) of Rohingya household members, above the age of 15, reported having had no education, and 52·6% of Rohingya children were not attending school. Nearly all (93·5%) Rohingya households reported a decrease in income over the last 12 months, with 79.9% reporting no current income. Mean reported income in the host community was not significantly different between 2018 and the previous two years. We found high levels of reported food insecurity among the Rohingya, which was also reflected in their prioritization of food over all else if provided additional cash assistance, and in their borrowing money to procure food. The majority (61·7%) of Rohingya children, under two, had received zero doses of injectable vaccines in Myanmar, and of them, 24·8% had also not received any injectable vaccines in Bangladesh. For oral vaccines, 57·5% of children, under two, had received zero doses in Myanmar, of whom 29·6% had also not received any oral doses in Bangladesh. In comparison, children in the host community had much higher rates of vaccination. Some Rohingya households reported challenges in accessing healthcare (14·2%), with the majority reporting distance to a healthcare facility as the main cause. In the host community, 32·5% of all surveyed households reported issues accessing healthcare, with wide variation (0 to 57·6%) among locations.InterpretationThe results of this rapid needs assessment offer important insights into the most pressing challenges facing the Rohingya while providing contextual information about the neighboring Bangladeshi communities hosting them. The Rohingya population is greatly impoverished, with very low levels of education. While growing evidence globally demonstrates the prudence in formally integrating refugees into the labor force, doing so in Bangladesh will entail strategic investment in imparting skills and education to the host and migrant populations, with a particular focus on women. Resources should also be allocated to address pressing needs such as food shortages and vaccination gaps.FundingThis study was supported by BRAC and the FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health.

Medical errors and patient safety have become increasingly important in the area of medical research in the recent years. World health Organization and other international committees have long been recommending the early integration of education about errors and patient safety in undergraduate and graduate medical education. To integrate patient safety education into existing curriculum views of the doctors towards patient safety education is an important issue. This descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out to explore the views of intern doctors regarding medical error and patient safety education in undergraduate medical education of Bangladesh. The study was carried out in seven (three public and four private) medical colleges of Bangladesh over a period from July 2014 to June 2015. Study population was 400 intern doctors. Data were collected by self-administered structured questionnaire. The existing curriculum was also reviewed to find out patient safety issues. The study revealed that the topic medical error and patient safety were mostly neglected in the curriculum. But the intern doctors had positive attitude towards patient safety education. A total of 84.8% of the intern doctors with a high average score of 4.24 agreed that teaching students about patient safety should be a priority in medical students training while 87.8% agreed that learning about patient safety before graduation from medical colleges would produce more effective doctors. Among the respondents 76.6% expected more training on patient safety. Almost half of the participants (52.3%) reported that they had been assigned to tasks for which they were not trained or where medical errors could have happened easily (57.5 %). From this study it can be concluded that, there was a distinct need for more education and training in the field of medical error and patient safety among the intern doctors.

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