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The genus Hypericum has attracted scientific interest worldwide

The effects of carbohydrates and tannen on the development and food preferences of Uresiphita gilvata larvae were investigated in this study. In addition, with the addition of tannin, the importance of plant-herbivore co-evolution in the food choice of the larvae was mentioned. For this reason, thirteen different artificial diets were prepared. Each diet contains sucrose, glucose, galactose, maltose, fructose, arabinose, mannose, or starch at the same concentration. To investigate the effect of tannic acid, 5 % tannic acid was added to the diets each containing sucrose, starch, glucose or maltose at the same concentration. According to the results of the study, sucrose was consumed by larvae more than glucose and fructose. However, the maximum food consumption of U. gilvata larvae was on the diet containing arabinose and their minimum consumption was on the diet containing mannose. Galactose is more consumed by larvae. However, intake galactose can not converted to pupal lipid by larvae. The addition of tannin to the diet reduced the amount of consumption of diet the dry pupal weight and lipid amount of pupae. However, the addition of tannin to the diet increased the amount of protein and extended the development time of pupae.

In this study, the effects of secondary metabolites on the feeding preference and growth of generalist caterpillars, Agelastica alni L., were investigated. Feeding experiment has been applied with a total of 11 diet; 6 of which were prepared by adding different concentrations of gallic acid (1, 3, 5 %) and quinine (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 %) to the control diet, 3 diet of which prepared by adding different concentrations of gallic acid and quinine. According to the results, the amount of gallic acid consumed did not affect the food consumption and the amount of pupa lipids. However, the amount of gallic acid consumed positively affects the pupal mass and the pupal crude protein. In addition, the amount of quinine consumed negatively affected the developmental performance of larvae except for the food consumption. As the count of secondary metabolites in the diet increases, the pupal mass and the pupal crude protein decrease. Overall, during the co-evolution processs, A. alni larvae may be able to adapt to gallotannins. However, quinine, an alkaloid, is a feeding deterrence and growth suppressor for larvae.

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