One of the biggest obstacles to fiber-reinforced composite laminates is out-ofplane dynamic loading. Specifically, low-velocity impact loading in an out-ofplane direction leads to matrix cracking, delamination, and fiber breakage damages due to weak fiber-matrix interactions. This paper aims to examine the dynamic loading behavior of nano reinforced glass/epoxy composite laminates under various impact energies. Moreover, to enhance fiber-matrix interaction, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with lower cost among the nanotube morphologies such as carbon and TiO 2 were introduced to the epoxy matrix.The impact performance and the damage propagation were also investigated. As a result, the HNT-reinforced multiscale composite sample had 28% more impact load carrying capacity and absorbed 18% less energy than its unmodified counterpart. Image processing was utilized to determine the damage evaluation by analyzing both front and back surfaces. The improvement of the fiber-matrix interface with HNTs reinforcement resulted 59% and 46% less damage to the front and back damage surfaces, respectively. The acquired results were supported by macro-size examination and micro-size analyzing via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These results pave the way towards designing fiber reinforced composites to be utilized for the transportation of dangerous liquids such as acids or solvents.

Glass fiber reinforced composites have attracted great, widely used specific industrial areas such as defense, aerospace, etc. However, composite plates are defenseless to damage accumulation such as matrix cracks, fiber delamination, and delamination, which limits the application of glass composites in specific industrial areas at limited strength levels. Therefore, analysis of the behavior of composites under the out-of-plane loads is essential to optimize such material. This study examines the out-of-plane loading performance of multi-scale glass/epoxy composite laminate. To improve the load-carrying performance in the direction of out-of-plane, the halloysite nanotube (HNT) particle reinforcement was introduced to the epoxy matrix. The three-point bending tests were conducted to attain the out-of-plane load-carrying performance. The findings show that the flexural strength increases by almost 20% for the HNT-modified glass/epoxy composite compared to the unmodified counterpart; meanwhile, the toughness is effectively improved with the HNT addition. Moreover, the damage process of specimens in three-point bending tests was detected by microscopic examination.