Overall, the results emphasize the importance of smoking as a negative prognostic factor, and suggest that treatment outcomes may be determined by a wide range of different determinants requiring further study.

The results demonstrate that smoking is a major risk factor for poor response to initial treatment and emphasize the importance of smoking cessation in periodontal therapy.

Background: Pleural effusion can occur with varied clinical presentations. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the demographic characteristics and clinical profiles of patients presented with exudative pleural effusion. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at medicine indoor department of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet over a period of six month from October 2009 to March 2010. Patients who were admitted with pleural effusion were selected as the study population. Pleural fluid was collected by a physician. The laboratory tests were performed in the Department of Laboratory medicine of the Hospital. The details history of age, sex, socio-economic condition, clinical features were collected from the patients. Results: A total of 50 cases were selected consecutively in the study. The mean age of the patients was 44.5±12.86 years. Male to female ratio was 2.1:1. Over half of the patients (54.0%) was poor; 32.0% cases was middle class and 14.0% cases was rich. Low-rade fever (92.0%), cough (86.0%), weight loss (74.0%) and dyspnoea (56.0%) were found as the most common symptoms of exudative pleural effusion. Conclusion: In conclusion middle age adult male living in poor socio-sconomic condition are most commonly suffering from exudative pleural effusion. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):167-170

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Background: The on examination and radiological findings of tubercular and malignant pleural fluid may vary among patients with exudative pleural effusion. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the on examination and radiological findings of tubercular and malignant pleural fluid collected from patients presented with exudative pleural effusion. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at medicine indoor department of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh from October 2009 to March 2010. Patients who were admitted with pleural effusion were selected as the study population. Pleural fluid was collected and laboratory tests were performed in the Department of Laboratory Medicine of the Hospital. The clinical features and haematological findings of tubercular and malignant pleural fluid were assessed. Results: A total of 50 cases were selected consecutively in the study. Among 30 tuberculars pleural effusion, chest movement and expansion decreased in 26 cases. However, in 12 malignant pleural effusion cases, most of the patients’ chest movement and expansion were found diminished which was in 9 cases. Radiological findings showed that more than half (54.0%) of the patients had right sided pleural effusion. Conclusion: In conclusion chest movement and expansion as well as vocal resonance are decreased in both tubercular and malignant pleural effusion patients with absent of breath sound. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, July 2022;9(2):74-78