This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and febrile seizure (FS). Our study was registered with the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021259944). Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest Central were searched, and finally, 17 studies were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the NLR levels. Compared with the febrile control group, the FS patients’ NLR levels were significantly higher ( SMD = 0.49 ; 95 % CI = 0.26 to 0.72, P < 0.001 ). Furthermore, we conducted a comparison of NLR levels between febrile controls against simple and complex FS cases separately and found that NLR levels of children with either simple or complex FS were higher compared with those of febrile controls ( SMD = 0.42 , 95 % CI = 0.14 to 0.69, P = 0.003 and SMD = 0.90 , 95 % CI = 0.71 to 1.09, P < 0.001 , respectively). Also, in comparison with the NLR levels of the simple FS group, the complex FS patients’ NLR levels were significantly higher ( SMD = 0.59 , 95 % CI = 0.34 to 0.85, P < 0.001 ). Our study indicated that NLR could be recommended as an inexpensive diagnostic biomarker for FS. In addition, it can be useful when distinguishing between simple FS and complex FS.

Objectives Concerning the impact of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) on quality of life, besides the lack of standard psychometrically‐analyzed Persian tools, the present study investigated the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the neurogenic bladder symptom score (NBSS) questionnaire. Methods A total of 279 multiple sclerosis (MS) or stroke/cerebrovascular accident (CVA) patients over 18 years of age with NLUTD referred to the neurology clinics entered the study in 2021–2022. After translation, back‐translation, and developing a Persian version, its validity and reliability were determined. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated quantitatively. To determine the internal consistency and scale reliability, a test–retest was used. Results The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.83 and the intraclass correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) was 0.85 (0.82, 0.88). Cronbach's α in all domains (incontinence, storage and voiding, and consequence) was greater than 0.70. The criterion validity also showed a positive correlation of NBSS with the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐overactive bladder (p < 0.001 and r = 0.55). The face validity was acceptable according to the opinion of 10 participants. To determine the CVI and the CVR, 10 experts' panels reviewed all items related to the questionnaire in terms of necessity, clarity, transparency, and relevancy. Based on the expert panel all NBSS criteria got a high score, and all criteria were essential to assess NLUTD (CVI: 0.78–1). Conclusions Regarding validity and reliability, the Persian version NBSS questionnaire can properly evaluate NLUTD in MS or stroke/CVA patients.

No abstract

Background/Aims Cervical dysfunction is one of the common symptoms of chronic headaches. This study was conducted to assess the posture of the head, cervical and thoracic spine and the shoulder girdle in people with and without cervicogenic and migraine headaches. Methods The postural angles of the head, cervical and thoracic spine and the shoulder girdle in frontal and sagittal planes, as well as thoracic spine curvature, were measured on 90 people who were split into three groups: 20 people with cervicogenic headache, 20 people with migraine and 50 people as the control group. Results There were significant differences among the three groups in the craniovertebral angle, coronal head tilt angle and scapular upward rotation angle (P<0.05). There was no relationship between postural angles. Conclusions The results of this study revealed that forward head posture was evident in people with cervicogenic and migraine headache. Decreased scapular upward rotation seen in the migraine headache group highlights the importance of shoulder girdle-related dysfunctions in people with chronic headaches.