A rapid and simple reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method using a monolithic column was developed and validated for the separation and quantification of myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol in Rhus coriaria L. The method employed the isocratic mobile phase acetonitrile10 mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer adjusted to pH 3.0 using orthophosphoric acid (38 + 62, v/v) at a flow rate of 4.0 mL/min; a Chromolith Performance RP-18e (100 4.6 mm) monolithic column kept at 40C; and UV detection at 370 nm. Although the elution order was identical and the selectivity was equivalent, the comparison between monolithic and particulate columns showed that the monolithic column could reduce the separation time to <1 min without sacrificing column efficiency and selectivity. The method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The validation characteristics included accuracy, precision, linearity, range, specificity, LOQ, and robustness. The calibration curves were linear (r >0.999) over the concentration range of 0.8888.3 g/mL for myricetin, 0.9595 g/mL for quercetin, and 1.43143.3 g/mL for kaempferol. The recoveries for all three compounds were above 89. Myricetin was found to be the major flavonol in the examined plant extracts, followed by minor quantities of quercetin and kaempferol.

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Recently, manufacturing has started adopting more service-oriented strategies. However, actual impacts of this shift from only product to mix of products and services on manufacturing have never been explored. This study aims to understand how this shift impacts on manufacturing over time. We develop a theoretical framework to associate factors that impact on service-orientation in manufacturing in order to study their interactions, and their impact on and from manufacturing. Based on the developed theoretical framework, four research questions are identified.

Abstract. Recent market interest on customized offers and intensive competition on attracting market globally, lead companies to implement supply chain management to improve performance and gain competitive advantage. To this aim, Supply chain management in customer-oriented environment is pursuing the transition from traditional supply chain into concurrent flexible and efficient one. This paper aims to understand specifically how supply chain within this environment needs to be configured and managed in order to enable efficient customization for mass market. To reach this goal, a conceptual framework and list of indicators to support the framework have been developed and tested.

Recent trends towards service orientation make manufacturing, especially in developed economies, to move into a more service oriented strategy. One solution is to fulfill customer requirements by a product and its after-sales services. However, the actual impact of this transformation on manufacturers has never been explored. This study aims to understand how evolution of service in terms of service-width and length takes place over time, and how it impacts on the manufacturer and is impacted from it. We carry out a longitudinal case-based study on a particular service family (iTune) in consumer electronics using Pearson correlation and linear regression using SPSS software package. Considering consistent intention to improve existing ones and introduce new services, following results are gained: (1) Manufacturing with higher research and development capabilities are expected to have great potential to have strong after-sales portfolio both in terms of service-width and length. A strong portfolio in this type of manufacturing is expected to bring economic advantage. (2) Manufacturing with higher liabilities is expected to have more economic advantage in increasing service-width. (3) Manufacturing with robust infrastructure are expected to have more economic advantage in increasing service-length.