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Background: Individuals of all ages use smartphones, from college students to the elderly. Smartphone users often use the small screen to look at the internet, talk to other people, use social networking services (SNS), write papers and do other tasks. Objective: To determine the association between smartphone usage and subjective musculoskeletal symptoms among adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out from July to December 2021 and was conducted at the Link Medical Centre, Lahore. Students from different universities in Lahore were asked to fill out a questionnaire that they would later administer to themselves. The results of the final analysis, conducted using SPSS 25.0, were based on the 365 completed questionnaires. Using SPSS statistics version 25.0, the data were analyzed. The chi-square test was applied to assess if smartphone characteristics relate to subjective musculoskeletal pain. A p-value less than or equal to 0.05 was judged statistically significant. Results: The results showed that the musculoskeletal symptoms were found in various regions in descending order of percentage as neck 24%, shoulder 25%, waist 15%, hands 10%, arms and fingers 9%. The statistics using the chi-square test showed that there was a significant correlation between less screen size and musculoskeletal symptoms in the wrist, hands, shoulders, neck and waist (p-value<0.05) except those of leg and feet and arms (p>0.05), while the same significant association was found with musculoskeletal symptoms in all regions except that it was not significantly associated with fingers. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a significant association between higher duration of smartphone usage and small screen size with musculoskeletal symptoms in various body regions, especially the upper extremity and waist. It is essential to enhance their utilization and devise a preventative program to alleviate the discomfort produced by bone and muscle dysfunction. The upcoming smart glasses can also be the solution to such musculoskeletal problems.

Background: Pelvic floor dysfunction is the inability to relax and integrate the pelvic muscles appropriately. Constipation, bladder/bowel incontinence, and frequent bladder urges are the common symptoms. Objective: To determine the effects of physical therapy on pelvic floor dysfunction among women. Methods: It was a randomized controlled trial conducted between February to December 2021. About 72 patients were included using convenient sampling and they were equally divided into an experimental group receiving pelvic floor physical therapy and a control group receiving routine care. The woman aged between 18 to 60 years having pelvic floor dysfunction were included in the trial. Patients with pelvic organ prolapse more than stage II, urinary or vaginal tract infections and inability to understand or follow instructions were excluded. The assessment was made at baseline and after 4th week of intervention. Variables like age, body mass index and parity were presented as mean and standard deviation. The normality of the data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The difference between pre and post-treatment readings was calculated using paired sample t-test for this parametric data. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: The demographics including age, body mass index and parity were found to be 49.31 (12.43%), 25.71(4.56%) and 2.6(0.81%) in the pelvic floor physical therapy group and 51.23 (9.37%), 26.33(5.32%) and 2.2(93%) in the control group respectively, without any significant difference (p-value>0.05). After treatment at the 4th-week assessment, peak perineometer values (cmH2O) were found to be 6.4(5.8) in the experimental group versus 10.3(6.7) in the control group, pelvic floor distress inventory short form 27.43(17.6) versus 42.8(31.8) and short form of pelvic floor impact questionnaire 9.86(4.39) versus 16.87(6.78), with a significant difference in favor of physical therapy group (p-value>0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that pelvic floor physical therapy is significantly better as compared to the control group for relieving pelvic floor dysfunction including its control, coordination and distress.