Background: Treating infectious diseases (ID) is the priority of health systems. Traditional Persian medicine (TPM) has diagnostic and preventive comments in most diseases. Readout TPM gives opportunity to know the viewpoints of ancient Iranian scholars for using these opinions in treating ID. In this regard returning to TPM options and modalities can be useful at least as complementary method in treating ID. For understanding the concepts of ID in TPM first of all it is needed to trace ID in TPM and translate them into western medicine language which is the goal of this report. Methodology:This research includes 80 ID mentioned in TIBBE-AKBARI (one of Persian Medicine textbook) for rewriting and comparing with conventional medicine findings. Findings: The majority of clinical signs, symptoms and physical examinations of ID are comparable with modern medicine except the viewpoint of TPM about aetiology which is based on Akhlat and Mezaj theory. By considering no option for antibiotic therapy in ancients time so there is a completely different opinion in treating ID with modern medicine. Conclusion: IDs have different names in TPM and conventional medicine. In contrast to modern medicine in which micro-organism are as etiologic agents, Akhlat and Mezaj theory of TPM has main role for description of ID, the subject which must to be decoded. Although they have completely different opinions in treatment, but with regard to the increasing of antibiotic resistance issue, TPM treatment comments may be useful in future in ID as complementary method beside antibiotics.

Here, we report a case of 24-year-old female who experienced fever, weight loss, and headache by the termination of her pregnancy after 24 weeks. She was admitted due to multiple generalized tonic clonic (GTC) seizures and loss of consciousness. Her lab data and histological findings were insignificant as well as negative mycobacterium culture. Her brain MRI detected multiple enhanced brain lesions on T2 weighted images. Overall, she went under empiric anti-TB treatment for a year and had a complete recovery. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of brain tuberculoma with negative histological findings and brain tissue culture who responded to an empiric anti-TB regimen.