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In recent decades, due to advances in various industries, the use of renewable energy sources has increased significantly. Solar cells are one of the important tools in the use of renewable energies. Between the different types of solar cells, recently, perovskite solar cells, because of some advantages like low costs of materials used in their fabrication, simple manufacturing process, and high conversion efficiency, have gained the attention of many researchers. Emerging technology and recent research activities have helped perovskite solar cells to achieve high efficiency, which is highly dependent on the components and structures of the solar cell system. One way to achieve high efficiency is to use polymeric and non-polymeric materials as electron transporters (ETMs), hole transporters (HTMs), or as a stimulus to increase the performance durability of perovskite solar cells. Simulation tool is a very effective tool for designing solar cells. In this study, by using COMSOL Multiphysics software, the effect of using different hole transfer layers, both polymeric and non-polymeric, has been investigated. For this purpose, three HTM layers (Spiro-OMETAD, CuSCN, P3HT) have been investigated. The results represented that the efficiencies for these three materials were 16.8%, 15.7%, 12.1%, respectively, and Spiro-OMETAD has been more efficient.

Recently, renewable energy sources such as solar energy have gained much attention for electricity generation because of their easy access and infinite resources. Solar cells are a good choice for this goal. Among the various solar cells that have already been studied, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently become an interesting issue for researchers due to their tremendous improvement in system performance and efficiency. This type of solar cell is divided into several layers, each of which has its role in the structure of the cell. "Front Contact/Electron transporting material/Absorber (perovskite)/Hole transporting layer/Back Contact". The overall structure of these cells has shown a maximum efficiency of about 22% which is good efficiency for solar cells. However, this type of solar cell suffers from stability problems, especially at the junction point between the hole transporting layer (HTM) and the perovskite (absorber) layer, despite its cost-effectiveness advantages. To solve this problem, recent studies have been transferred to a study called interface engineering. In this study, the mentioned interfaces are modified by some materials that have regular and stable structures such as polymers. Many polymeric modifiers have been studied in recent years. Among them, P3HT (Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)) has provided the best results. In this paper, first, the effect of different layer properties such as their thickness and charge carrier density were investigated and optimal parameters were obtained for each one using SCAPS-1D (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator) software. Then we simulated the structure of a perovskite solar cell using a polymeric modifier in its structure. The results showed that by adding an ultrathin polymeric film as an interface between HTM and perovskite, the performance of the device was improved and its efficiency was enhanced. The final efficiency of the device with the optimal parameters was obtained about 26.5%.

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