Background Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), alopecia, low quality of life, and acne are considered as complications of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We hypothesized that magnesium supplementation would yield beneficial effects on PCOS related complications. Objective To examine the effects of magnesium supplementation on AUB, alopecia, quality of life, and acne. Methods In this parallel randomized clinical trial, we randomly assigned 64 women with PCOS to the magnesium group (n = 32) or placebo group (n = 32) for 10 weeks. AUB, alopecia, quality of life, and acne were assessed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics criterion, the Sinclair Scale, the Health Survey Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Global Acne Grading System, respectively. This randomized clinical trial was registered at IRCT.ir (IRCT20130903014551N9). Results Magnesium supplementation significantly improved the components of quality of life including physical functioning (p = 0.011), role limitations due to physical health (p = 0.012), role limitations due to emotional problems (p < 0.001), energy/fatigue (p = 0.005), emotional wellbeing (p < 0.001), social functioning (p = 0.002), general health (p = 0.013), and total quality of life (p < 0.001), compared with placebo. No significant effect was observed on acne, alopecia, and AUB. Conclusion Magnesium supplementation in women with PCOS had a significant positive effect on improving total quality of life. Trial registration This randomized clinical trial was registered at IRCT.ir on 2020–10-18 (Registration Code: IRCT20130903014551N9).

Background and Aims Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common endocrine disorders in women, which causes numerous symptoms in women. The relationship of many micronutrients with this syndrome has been investigated. This study was conducted to examine the effects of magnesium supplementation on hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and sleep quality in women with PCOS. Methods In this parallel randomized clinical trial, 64 women with PCOS were randomly assigned to the magnesium group ( n = 32) or placebo group ( n = 32) for 10 weeks. Patients in the magnesium group received one 250 mg magnesium oxide tablet, per day. Hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and sleep quality were measured at the beginning and end of the study. This randomized clinical trial was registered at https://www.IRCT.ir (IRCT20130903014551N8). Results Magnesium supplementation had no significant effect on hyperandrogenism ( p = 0.51 for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfates, p = 0.27 for testosterone), hirsutism ( p = 0.23), and sleep quality ( p = 0.85) compared with placebo. Conclusions The present study showed that a single dose of magnesium supplementation elicited no beneficial effects on the mentioned symptoms in polycystic women. It is possible that the positive effects of magnesium observed in the former studies were due to the synergistic effects of other vitamins or minerals. More studies are needed in this area.

There have been numerous clinical trials that have investigated the effect of sodium intake on blood pressure in diabetic patients. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the clinical trial studies performed on the effect of low sodium diet (LSD) versus high sodium diet (HSD) on blood pressure in diabetic patients. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from database inception to July 10, 2021. Both type 1 and 2 diabetes was considered. Overall, there were 15 studies included in this meta‐analysis. The weighted (WMD) mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using a random‐effects model. Risk of bias in the studies was assessed based on the Cochrane collaboration tool and the quality of all the studies was considered as good. Overall, LSD significantly reduced SBP (systolic blood pressure) (WMD: −3.79 mmHg, 95% CI: −6.02, −1.56) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) (WMD: −1.62 mmHg, 95% CI: −2.84, −0.40), in comparison with HSD, in diabetics. However, LSD had no significant effect on MAP (mean arterial pressure) in comparison with HSD (WMD: −1.81, 95%CI: −5.49, 1.87). Although subgroup analysis could not attenuate heterogeneity in SBP, subgroup analysis in DBP based on duration (≤1 week: WMD: −2.35, 95%CI: −3.69, −1.00, I2 = 48.9%, p = 0.081, >1 week: WMD: −1.04, 95% CI: −2.83, 0.76, I2 = 74.7%, p = 0.003) and study design (cross‐over: WMD: −1.94, 95% CI: −2.71, −1.17, I2 = 32.1%, p = 0.183, parallel: WMD: −2.17, 95% CI: −6.48, 2.13, I2 = 82.4%, p = 0.001) successfully detected sources of heterogeneity. LSD significantly reduced SBP and DBP, however, had no effect on MAP, in comparison with HSD.