Loss of the extracellular matrix of cartilage is one of the most important and prominent features of osteoarthritis (OA). The ECM has two important components, including the proteoglycan aggrecan and type II collagen, which are the main targets of MMPs and ADAM TSs enzymes. In this paper, the effect of ASSB Compared with dexamethasone and ibuprofen as representatives of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. One way to prevent irreversible joint damage in OA is to inhibit MMPs. ASSB can improve the condition of patients with osteoarthritis by reducing the expression of the MMPs 9 and 13 gene. Background: OA is a progressive joint disease characterized by cartilage degeneration, cartilage bone regeneration, and synovial membrane inflammation and is exacerbated with age. Given the side effects of conventional OA treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids, it is important to consider new treatments for this disorder. Recently, the effect of matrix metalloproteinases on the pathogenesis of OA has been attracted attention. Objective: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the impact of Alcoholic Satureja Sahandica Bornem L. (ASSB) essence on inhibiting the expression of metalloproteinase gene 1, 2, 9 and 13 in bovine fibroblast-like synoviocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide as a model of osteoarthritis. Methods: Synovial cells were isolated from the articular cartilage of the radiocarpal joint of an 8-month-old Holstein cow. After determining the degree of toxicity by MTT Assay, the cells were exposed to stimulation of LPS without or in the presence of dexamethasone, ibuprofen and alcoholic Satureja Sahandica Bornem essence (ASSB). Metalloproteinase gene expression 1, 2, 9 and 13 were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. The effect of ASSB on migration and cell invasion was investigated by Transwell chambers. Results: The results showed that Satureja Sahandica Bornm (SSB) essential oil significantly reduced the expression of metalloproteinases 9 and 12 in bovine fibroblast-like synovocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. It also suppressed migration and invasion of these cells. However, Satureja Sahandica Bornm L. had no significant impact on the expression of MMPs 1 and 2. Conclusion: Based on our results, ASSB can significantly reduce the activity and inflammatory effect of MMPs 9 and 12 in OA, its potential role as a complement to NSAIDs and common corticosteroids was confirmed. However, cellular modeling does not confirm the beneficial effect of OA in patients.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease with an inflammatory component. It is associated with progressive histological alterations and disabling symptoms. Today, drugs such as glucocorticoids (GCs) and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly employed for the treatment of osteoarthritis but have serious and life-threatening side effects. The current study aims to evaluate the effects of alcoholic essences of Laurus nobilis L. (AELN) on proinflammatory cytokines such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, isoform), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO), as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on inflammatory cells, similar osteoarthritis in synoviocytes, and monocytes/ macrophages, and to compare it with dexamethasone (DEX) and ibuprofen (IBP). After collecting the leaves of the Laurus nobilis L. (LN) and after drying, the essences were collected by the Center for Genetic and Biological Resources of Iran. Synovial cells were isolated from the synovial membrane of the radiocarpal joint cartilage of an 8-month-old Holstein cow. THP-1 cells were prepared from the Pasteur Institute of Iran. Cells were cultivated and exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation without, or in the presence of, DEX, IBP, or alcoholic essences of Laurus nobilis L. (AELN) The gene expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-18, COX-2, and iNOS were evaluated by real-time PCR. Concentrations of NO and PGE2 were measured by ELISA methods. Treatment of the studied cell with alcoholic essences of Laurus nobilis L, before stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, reduces the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes such as cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-18, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and It also reduces the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 by almost 50%. This reduction is significant compared to the 90% reduction due to treatment with dexamethasone and ibuprofen. Significant reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by alcoholic essences of Laurus nobilis L can be considered as a new drug in the treatment of osteoarthritis and requires further studies in laboratory animals and clinical studies.

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