Our clinical index scores were related to the educational level of the study population. When the educational level of the study group decreased, the plaque, gingival index, and probing depth scores contrarily increased. Also non-attendance for previous periodontal care increased the scores of plaque index and probing depth. In view of the results of our study, it might be suggested that simple preventive oral hygiene programs may help maintain healthy gingiva during pregnancy.

Our data indicate that levels of prostaglandin E2 in gingival crevicular fluid may be used as a marker of gingival inflammation in order to determine the effects of periodontal therapy in pregnancy. Periodontal therapy that is performed throughout the entire pregnancy period may help prevent the threat of pregnancy gingivitis.

Cyclosporin A is an endecapeptide that has been used clinically since 1978 as an immunosuppressant agent. Although cyclosporine appears to be uniformly beneficial in the treatment of a wide variety of disorders, its use may result in a number of side effects. One of the most important adverse effects is gingival overgrowth. This report relates a case of severe gingival overgrowth in a 31‐year‐old female who had received cyclosporine therapy in conjunction with a kidney transplant. Because of the severe gingival overgrowth, we analyzed a biopsy, which was positive for human papillomavirus. The case was treated and followed for 18 months. J Periodontol 1996;67:528–531.

Severe periodontitis in a patient with infantile genetic agranulocytosis (Kostmann syndrome) is presented. This rare syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive pattern and characterized by severe neutropenia. The periodontal status and treatment of the patient is described. It is concluded that periodontal therapy including scaling, root planning, soft tissue curettage, and the use of selected antimicrobial agents can be successful in this particular syndrome.

Gingival fibromatosis is frequently an isolated condition, but rarely associated with some uncommon syndromes. This paper describes an 11-year-old patient with pronounced gingival enlargement, cherubic facial appearance, and psychomotor retardation and discusses the major aspects of the case. The most striking finding orally was the presence of grossly hyperplastic gingiva, which completely covered all teeth except the occlusal surfaces of some teeth. The swelling in the lower part of the face and the appearance of sclera beneath the iris suggest cherubism. The diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of giant cell regenerative granuloma and perivascular eosinophilic particles and osteoclasts after biopsy of the mandible. In this case, surgery was the only effective way to treat the patient. A full-mouth gingivectomy procedure was performed under general anesthesia in 2 stages. The case was followed for 12 months and no recurrence was seen. An appropriate oral hygiene regimen was established.