Geographical indications (GIs) refer to signs or symbols that are used to denote a product, the distinctive characteristics of which are linked to its place of origin. GIs are different from other intellectual property rights because of their unique characteristics, namely, the fact that they can be collectively owned by a group of producers. Additionally, GIs have a connection to the territory from which the products originate, both in terms of geographical origin as well as quality and characteristics of the products. 1 The inclusion of GIs in the provisions of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) 2 was controversial precisely due to the differences between "old world" and "new world" countries, with respect to some of the theories supporting GI protection. After a long debate, GI protection was nevertheless introduced into TRIPS, and subsequently had to be protected in most countries worldwide. 3 Nevertheless, although TRIPS requires for the protection of GIs, it does not provide for the specific mechanism that members of TRIPS should adopt to protect GIs under their national laws. 4 Consequently, individual countries

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