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A survey of the natural enemies of Aclerda takahashii (Kuwana, 1932) (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae) and Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was carried out in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of ten associations were recorded, six parasitoid-host and four predator-prey, which three are new: parasitoids of the genus Eurytoma (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and Hambletonia (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) associated with A. takahashii and S. sacchari, respectively; and the predator of the genus Diadiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) with a S. sacchari. Anagyrus saccharicola Timberlake, 1932 and Mariola flava Noyes, 1980 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) are reported for the first time in Brazil.

Mortality of Diatraea saccharalis is affected by the pH values of the spore suspension of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae 1Fungal virulence is multifaceted and dependent on multiple factors including the pH of the spore suspension. In this study, we accessed effects of six pH values of Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae medium for the growth, sporulation, and mortality on sugarcane stalk borer Diatraea saccharalis. The culture of fungi was performed onplates containing the PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium. Virulence was tested in D. saccharalis larvae distributed in four replicates of 15 larvae. To evaluate the performance of the isolates, they were grown at different pH values in an artificial chitin medium to confirm the degradation capacity of the fungi at each pH. No significant difference was observed for the sporulation at pH ranged from 4 to 9 for both fungi. In the mortality assay, larval mortality was higher at pH 7 and 8 for both fungi, reaching 87% for B. bassiana and 81% for M. anisopliae.

Diadiplosis saccharum sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is described based on male and female prey on nymphs of mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Saccharum spp. (Poaceae) in São Paulo State, Brazil. Herein, the genus is composed by 33 species. The key of the eight species of the Diadiplosis distributed in Brazil is updated.