BackgroundStudies have reported increasing incidence of ischemic stroke in adults younger than 50 to 55 years. Information on temporal trends of other stroke subtypes and transient ischemic attack (TIA) is sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal trends of the incidence of hospitalizations for TIA and stroke including sex‐ and subtype‐specific trends in young adults aged 15 to 30 years.Methods and ResultsFrom the Danish National Patient Register, we identified all cases of first‐ever stroke and TIA (age 15–30 years) in Denmark, who were hospitalized during the study period of 1994 to 2012. Incidence rates and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were estimated by using Poisson regression. During the study period, 4156 cases of first‐ever hospitalization for stroke/TIA were identified. The age‐standardized incidence rates of hospitalizations for stroke increased significantly (EAPC 1.83% [95% CI 1.11–2.55%]) from 11.97/100 000 person‐years (PY) in 1994 to 16.77/100 000 PY in 2012. TIA hospitalizations increased from 1.93/100 000 PY in 1994 to 5.81/100 000 PY in 2012 and after 2006 more markedly in men than in women (EAPC 16.61% [95% CI 10.45–23.12%]). The incidence of hospitalizations for ischemic stroke was markedly lower among men, but increased significantly from 2006 (EAPC 14.60% [95% CI 6.22–23.63%]). The incidences of hospitalizations for intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage remained stable during the study period.ConclusionsThe incidence rates of first‐time hospitalizations for ischemic stroke and TIA in young Danish adults have increased substantially since the mid 1990s. The increase was particularly prominent in the most recent years.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate timing and clinical predictors that might predict hydrocephalus emerging during rehabilitation until 1 year following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) may lead to clinical deterioration and poor outcome if untreated. However, PTH can be successfully treated if detected. Nevertheless, PTH is easily overlooked during rehabilitation, particularly in severe cases. METHOD: We prospectively followed all patients (n = 444) in Eastern Denmark (population 2.5 mill) sustaining severe TBI, who required lengthy rehabilitation between 2000 and 2010. All patients with PTH were tracked retrospectively. Demographics, surgery, injury severity, consciousness level, and disability were compared for patients with versus without PTH. Independent predictors of PTH during rehabilitation were identified through multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: PTH occurred in 14.2% and 3/4 emerged during rehabilitation. Patients with PTH were older, had more severe brain injuries, were more frequently in vegetative state, and needed longer rehabilitation stays. After adjusted analyses, however, only older age and low level of consciousness were independently associated with PTH. CONCLUSION: Most cases of PTH emerge during rehabilitation. Therefore, attention towards this complication should be present also beyond the acute stage after TBI, particularly among older patients and patients with severe disordered consciousness.

Objective: (1) To determine patterns of return to work (RTW) after traumatic brain injury and other causes of acquired brain injury (ABI) among young adults aged 19–30 years and (2) to compare the stability of long-term labor-market attachment (LMA) to the background population.Method: Nationwide registry-based inception cohort study of 10 years weekly data of employment status. Patients (n = 8,496) aged 19–30 years with first-ever diagnosis of TBI, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, encephalopathy, brain tumor, or CNS infections during 1999–2015. For comparison, a general population cohort (n = 206,025) individually matched on age, sex, and municipality was identified. The main outcome was RTW, which was defined as time to LMA, i.e., a week without public assistance benefits except education grants/leave. Stable labor-market attachment (sLMA) was defined as LMA for at least 75% over 52 weeks. The cumulative incidence proportions of RTW and stable RTW in the ABI cohort were estimated with the Aalen-Johansen estimator with death as a competing event.Results: Twelve weeks after diagnosis 46.9% of ABI cohort had returned to stable RTW, which increased to 57.4% 1 year after, and 69.7% 10 years after. However, compared to controls fewer had sLMA 1 year (OR: 0.25 [95% CI 0.24–0.27]) and 10 years after diagnosis (OR: 0.35 [95% CI: 0.33–0.38]). Despite significant variations, sLMA was lower compared to the control cohort for all subtypes of ABI and no significant improvements were seen after 2–5 years.Conclusion: Despite relatively fast RTW only a minor proportion of young patients with ABI achieves sLMA.