Tutkimuksessa etsittiin optimaaliset prosessointiolosuhteet ahvenen ja särjen marinointia varten. Säilyvyyden ja maun kannalta optimaaliset etikka ja suolakonsentraatiot sekä marinointiaika 10°C:n ja 20°C:n lämpötiloissa etsittiin sekä pienille (10—40 g) että isoille (100—300 g) ahvenille ja särjille. Säilyvyyskokeet kestivät 6 kuukautta ja ne tehtiin pienestä särjestä ja isosta ahvenesta valmistetuilla marinadeilla. Marinointilämpötilan, lisäaineiden käytön, pakkausmateriaalin ja varastointilämpötilan vaikutusta tuotteen laatuun ja säilyvyyteen tutkittiin. Sopivat marinointiajat olivat 10°C:n ja 20°C:n lämpötiloissa isoilla ahvenfileillä 5 ja 4 vuorokautta, esikypsennetyillä isoilla ahvenfileillä 2 ja 1 vuorokautta, peratulla isolla särjellä 6 ja 5 vuorokautta sekä nyljetyllä pienellä ahvenella ja isolla särkifileellä 3 vuorokautta ja esikypsennetyllä pienellä särjellä 2 vuorokautta 10°C:n lämpötilassa. Varastoinnin aikana marinadien laadussa ei tapahtunut merkitseviä muutoksia. pH oli kaikissa valmisteissa alle 4.5 ja bakteerimäärät pysyivät melko alhaisina koko varastoinnin ajan. Heti marinoinnin jälkeen korkeammassa lämpötilassa marinoidut kalat olivat pehmeämpiä ja maistuivat voimakkaammin etikalta kuin alhaisemmassa lämpötilassa marinoidut, mutta varastoinnin jälkeen eroja ei enää havaittu. Ahvenmarinadeja pidettiin yleensä särkimarinadeja parempina. Etikan maku oli kaikissa valmisteissa hieman liian voimakas. Raakana marinoituja kaloja pidettiin heti marinoinnin jälkeen hieman sitkeinä, mutta varastoinnin aikana niiden rakenne pehmeni. Esikypsennys ennen marinointia teki kalat liian pehmeiksi ja helposti hajoaviksi. Säilytyslämpötilan ei havaittu vaikuttavan tuotteiden bakteerimääriin ja pH-arvoihin. Käytetyillä lisäaineilla, natriumbentsoaatilla ja p-hydroksibentsoehapon metyyliesterillä ei ollut vaikutusta säilyvyyteen. Lasi- ja muoviastioihin pakattujen marinadien välillä ei ollut merkitseviä eroja.
Abstract. The purpose of the study was to examine the microbiological, physical, chemical and organoleptical changes occurring in muikku (Coregonus albula L.) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) during frozen storage at -3s°C. The effects of various treatments, gutting and filleting, glazing and vacuum packing and of two different freezing seasons, winter and summer, on the keeping quality were compared. Two series of experiments were performed and the fishes in the first series were kept 6 months and in the second 3 months in frozen storage.All the muikkus and rainbow trouts treated and packed in different ways were acceptable after 3 months at -3s°C. Even after 6 months' frozen storage both the glazed and the vacuum packed rainbow trouts, gutted muikkus and fillets of muikku were judged to be acceptable, whereas the quality of the ungutted muikkus was clearly reduced.The total bacterial counts were generally low and no coliforms were found.The pH values, the liberation of drip from thawed fish muscle and the amount of free fatty acids increased during frozen storage. A correlation was found between the loss of protein solubility and the storage time. The differences between the glazed and the vacuum packed fishes were not significant and the freezing season did not affect the keeping quality. JohdantoSuomen sisävesien ja Perämeren pohjoisosan kalansaaliista noin 25 % on muikkua (Coregonus albula L.). Sitä pyydetään vuosittain noin 4. 1-5.7 milj. kg, mutta arvioiden mukaan pyynti voitaisiin kalavesien tuotantokyvyn rajoissa nostaa kaksinkertaiseksi (Anon. 1965). Muikku on herkästi pilaantuva kala ja suurin osa siitä käytetään tuoreena.
The suitability of roach (Rutilus rutilus), perch (Perca fluviatilis), vendace (Coregonus albula L.), and whitefish (Coregonus sp.) for canning in small scale canning stations was tested. Various pretreatment methods and processing conditions were evaluated for different fish species. Processing equipment suitable for small scale canning stations was developed in the course of this study. The keepability of the canned products was followed by physical, organoleptic and microbiological determinations during a period of 18 months. The roach, vendace and whitefish preserves were of the types »canned fish in tomato sauce» and »canned fish in oil and its own juice» and the perch preserves of the type »canned fish in brine». Roach, vendace and whitefish were salted by immersing into 21 % brine for 4—25 minutes depending on the size of the fish and preheated by smoking at 90° C for 60 —120 minutes. Products of good quality were obtained from whitefish which was dried by cooking in oil at 120 °C for 3 minutes instead of smoking. The perch were cooked in 3 % and 4 % brine for 15—20 minutes depending on the size of the fish. The best time and temperature combination for the aimed F value 10 and for a product of good quality was 60 minutes at 115°C when using rotation. In organoleptic evaluation all the canned products were judged to be of good quality and there were no significant changes in appearance, texture, taste or aroma during 18 months' storage at room temperature. No microbial growth or swelling of the cans was detected during storage. Use of frozen raw material in canning whitefish had no detectable effect on the quality of the final product.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.