Background The Mandibular Canine Index (MCI) comprises a method of sex estimation by teeth that presents controversial results in the literature. Main body This systematic review aims to expose whether MCI can be used as a method of reliable sex estimation. A literature search was performed using the keywords “canine,” “sex,” “gender,” “determination,” “estimation,” “dimorphism,” “assessment,” “forensic” in the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Lilacs, Scielo, and Web of Science. In addition, manual searches were carried out on the reference lists of the selected articles to cover the largest number of articles of interest as possible. Studies that performed the measurements only on maxillary canines, scientific conferences abstract books, case reports and literature reviews were excluded. The assessment of methodological quality and risk of bias was carried out based on a checklist for cross-sectional studies and another for accuracy studies. Thus, 53 articles were selected, 13 of which were accurate and 40 were cross-sectional. All accuracy articles were assessed as low risk. Among cross-sectional articles, seven were considered to be of low risk, 31 of moderate risk, and two of high risk. The accuracy of the sex estimate by MCI was verified and, despite varying among studies, the minimum and maximum values found were, respectively, 20% and 87.5% for women and 40.6% and 94% for men. Conclusion The accuracy of the MCI was variable and should be used with caution and as an auxiliary method of sex estimation.

Intrusive force and pulp flow measurement W e read an article in the July issue entitled "Effects of magnitude of intrusive force on pulpal blood flow in maxillary molars" (Ersahan S, Sabuncuoglu FA. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015;148:83-9). While we were reading it, several doubts occurred to us, and we would like some explanations, if possible.

Objective: To evaluate the influence on the perception of social characteristics after orthognathic treatment for the correction of Class II malocclusion. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 240 observers who evaluated images of individuals before and after orthognathic surgery for the correction of malocclusion. Based on the images, two different questionnaires were applied containing 44 questions each for evaluating social competence, intellectual ability, psychological adjustment, and attractiveness. The mean scores for evaluations of the images were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test at 5% level of significance (α=0.05).Results: Orthognathic treatment significantly (p<0.05) improved the evaluation of individuals in the requisites of the score attributed to the image (p=0.008), extroversion (p=0.026), happiness (p=0.006), self-confidence (p=0.046), and attractiveness (p=0.015). Conclusion:Orthognathic treatment for the correction of Class II malocclusions has a positive effect on the perception of social characteristics of individuals. The individuals subjected to orthognathic surgery were evaluated as being more attractive, intelligent, socially competent, and psychologically adjusted.

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À Deus e Nossa Senhora, que nos momentos mais difíceis sempre me sustentaram, me dando a certeza de que eu conseguiria superar tudo; pelas graças concedidas a mim e pela proteção diária.Aos meus pais, Tita e Wilson e ao meu irmão, Murillo, pela presença amorosa em todos os momentos.Ao meu filho Heitor, por ter me transformado e por ter estimulado novos sonhos em mim.À minha grande família, minha base, meu alicerce, pelas orações e vibrações positivas, por sempre torcerem pelo meu sucesso e pelo meu bem. Aos meus amigos do departamento, que foram essenciais nesse tempo em que passei em Ribeirão Preto. Foi um ambiente novo, responsabilidades novas, e eles tornaram tudo mais leve. Em especial, agradeço a Julia e Giovanna, pela paciência, incentivo, conversas tranquilizadoras e ajuda nessa difícil fase da dissertação. Ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Ricardo Henrique Alves da Silva, que desde a especialização me recebeu com carinho e atenção. Obrigada pelas orientações e pela oportunidade de eu fazer parte do time #odontolegalforpusp. À CAPES, pelo apoio financeiro à minha pesquisa durante todo o período do meu mestrado. À USP, aqui especifico a Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto e a Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, por ter me acolhido e me proporcionado momentos inesquecíveis de aprendizado e formação profissional. Ao Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal -FMRP, pela oportunidade de aprimorar o meu conhecimento em Odontologia Legal. À Camila de Luca Zambonini Gimenes, secretária do Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, que sempre respondeu meus e-mails de forma educada e solícita e pelo seu carinho e atenção demonstrados indistintamente a todos. Ao Departamento de Estomatologia, Saúde Coletiva e Odontologia Legal, pelo acolhimento e pela estrutura oferecida durante toda a elaboração deste trabalho. Ao CNPq, pelo apoio financeiro em todo o período do mestrado para realização dessa pesquisa.* *O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio do CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico -Brasil. RESUMO ROCHA, Maille Ferreira Nunes. Estimativa de idade e maioridade penal através do método de Olze. 2021. 47 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em