Abstract:There are few studies on the zooplankton from the northwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil, compared to other regions of the State. Cladocerans are a very representative zooplankton group with high species diversity. Most of this diversity can be found at littoral zones of lakes and reservoirs, especially those occupied by macrophytes. This study was part of a thematic project FAPESP/BIOTA Program -The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity (www.biotasp.org.br), and its aim is to catalogue and analyze the distribution of cladoceran species (Crustacea, Anomopoda and Ctenopoda) in pelagic and littoral zones from small reservoirs in the northwest of the São Paulo State, in dry and rainy seasons. Zooplankton samplings were carried out in littoral and pelagic zone of 10 small shallow reservoirs (mean depth: 2.8 m) using a plankton 45 µm mesh net. Water physical and chemical parameters were also monitored with a multiparameter Horiba U10. pH and dissolved oxygen concentration were lower at rainy than dry seasons, indicating high decomposition rates of organic matter introduced from the rural environment, being the main factor contributing to reservoirs' eutrophication. Fifty eight cladocerans species were recorded, with four new occurrences for the São Paulo State. This high richness contrasts with the high devastation of the northwestern region in the State. During the two seasons, littoral zones presented higher cladoceran richness and diversity than pelagic zone. Littoral zones with higher macrophytes diversity also showed higher cladocerans richness and diversity than that with low macrophyte diversity. Littoral and pelagic zones comparisons emphasized the importance of studies on different regions of the aquatic environments, confirming the elevated richness in the littoral zone, as reported in previous works. This study revealed also the strong influence of the macrophyte community and the adjacent terrestrial environment, which is occupied by forest or agriculture. Resumo: A região noroeste paulista é uma das regiões com menor quantidade de dados sobre o zooplâncton, comparado a outras regiões do estado. Os Cladocera constituem um grupo bastante representativo do zooplâncton, apresentando elevada diversidade de espécies. A maior parte desta diversidade pode ser encontrada nas regiões litorâneas de lagos e reservatórios, especialmente aquelas ocupadas por muitas macrófitas. Como parte de um projeto temático mais amplo (Programa Biota-Fapesp -Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade, www.biotasp.org. br), o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de caracterizar as comunidades de cladóceros (Crustacea, Anomopoda e Ctenopoda) pelágicos e litorâneos presentes em pequenos reservatórios na região noroeste do estado de São Paulo, nas estações seca e chuvosa. As amostragens foram realizadas tanto na zona litorânea quanto pelágica de 10 pequenos reservatórios rasos (média de 2,8 m), através de arrastos verticais com rede de plâncton de 45 µm de malha. Parâmetros físicos e químicos da água também foram avaliados utilizando...
Aim: Among the planktonic microcrustaceans, copepods Cyclopoida and Calanoida are the most representative groups, being the largest biomass of the plankton community. The aim of this work is to catalogue and analyze the distribution of copepod species (Crustacea, Maxillopoda) in pelagic and littoral zones from small reservoirs in the northwest of the São Paulo State, in dry and rainy seasons (2007 and 2009). Methods: Zooplankton samplings were carried out in littoral and pelagic zones of 13 small shallow reservoirs (mean depth: 2.6 m) using vertical hauls and plankton net (45 µm). Water physical and chemical parameters were also monitored with a multiparameter Horiba ® U10. Results: Eighteen species of copepods were identified, 13 Cyclopoida and 5 Calanoida. There was no statistical difference between the distributions of species from the littoral and pelagic zones and neither between dry and rainy seasons. Three species occurred exclusively in the littoral zone -Eucyclops elegans, Paracyclops chiltoni and Mesocyclops ogunnus. Tropocyclops prasinus and Thermocyclops decipiens were the most frequent species in the studied environments. Conclusion: Our data suggest that in shallow reservoirs copepods present a homogeneous distribution between the littoral and pelagic zones and Cyclopoida are more diverse than Calanoida. Shallow depths and eutrophic state may be regarded as limiting conditions for the development of Calanoida in these reservoirs.Keywords: copepods, cyclopoida, calanoida, littoral zone, shallow lakes.Resumo: Objetivo: Dentre os microcrustáceos planctônicos, os copépodes Cyclopoida e Calanoida são um dos grupos mais representativos, contribuindo com a maior biomassa para a comunidade planctônica. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de caracterizar as comunidades de copépodes (Crustacea, Maxillopoda) pelágicos e litorâneos presentes em pequenos reservatórios na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, nas estações seca e chuvosa de 2007 a 2009. Material e métodos: As amostragens foram realizadas tanto na zona litorânea quanto pelágica de 13 pequenos reservatórios rasos (média de 2,6 m), através de arrastos verticais com rede de plâncton (45 µm). Parâmetros físicos e químicos da água também foram avaliados utilizando-se o aparelho Horiba ® U10. Resultados: Foram identificadas 18 espécies de copépodes, sendo 13 Cyclopoida e 5 Calanoida. Não houve diferença estatística entre as distribuições das espécies nas zonas litorâneas e pelágicas bem como entre as estações. Três espécies ocorreram exclusivamente na zona litorânea -Eucyclops elegans, Paracyclops chiltoni e Mesocyclops ogunnus. As espécies Tropocyclops prasinus e Thermocyclops decipiens foram as mais frequentes nos ambientes estudados. Conclusão: Nossos dados sugerem que, em reservatórios rasos, Copepoda não apresenta diferenças significativas na ocupação das regiões litorânea e pelágica e que a diversidade de Cyclopoida é maior do que Calanoida. Características tais como baixa profundidade e estado eutrófico podem ser consideradas como cond...
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