Desde las primeras publicaciones sobre “campanas zoomorfas” en Uruguay, en la década de 1930 hasta la actualidad, la información se presenta fragmentada, incompleta y hasta incongruente en algunos casos. Además, para algunas de estas piezas se desconoce actualmente su locación por haber pertenecido a colecciones privadas cuyas trayectorias no han sido de público conocimiento. En varias ocasiones, han sido sometidas al sistema de mercado legal e ilegal. Con el objetivo de organizar la información existente, investigar sobre sus historias de vida post-hallazgo y aportar herramientas para la gestión patrimonial, se inició un registro de trazabilidad al servicio de instituciones competentes e investigadores. Se presenta una primera etapa que contempla 27 piezas, algunas de las cuales se publican por primera vez. Un resumen de estas historias de vida permite visualizar algunas problemáticas relacionadas a los procesos de conformación de las colecciones arqueológicas y sus trayectorias, a dificultades en su estudio y a la falta de legislación actualizada sobre la protección del patrimonio arqueológico a nivel nacional. El trabajo además permite identificar un epicentro en la distribución de este rasgo cultural en la zona del Sauce-Artilleros, Colonia, que concentra el 46% de las piezas más completas conocidas hasta ahora en Uruguay.
In Uruguay, there are records of archaeological collections at least since Darwin's visit in 1832. Since then, the role of collections and collectors has been changing in relation to official institutions, researchers, and professional archaeologists. In the years following the creation of the university degree in anthropology, during the 1980s and 1990s, academic and official speeches considered collectors one of the greatest threats to the development of the discipline in the country. Their collections were seen as useless for research, and it was argued that they had no context. New generations of archaeologists have been reversing this situation, redefining the research of archaeological collections and reviewing the relationships and interactions with nonacademic stakeholders. We present some of our experiences here, based on students’ training in this line of work, the integration of responsible and responsive collectors in the research process and site conservation, the collaborative register of archaeological sites, and the promotion of donation or conservation of collections (avoiding commercialization). We propose possible work methodologies at the national level, such as the formation of research groups, which involve the coparticipation of different stakeholders, the development of a professional code of ethics, and changes in legislation.
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