Se realizó el aislamiento e identificación de levaduras nativas de un viñedo de la especie Vitis vinifera variedad Malvasía blanca, en la Región Zuliana. Se muestrearon aséptica y aleatoriamente bayas y partes de la planta (hojas, raquis, corteza y suelo), de un total de 123 plantas, correspondientes a un viñedo de la variedad de uva Malvasía. A aproximadamente a 500m del viñedo, se encuentra la bodega. La identificación de las levaduras aisladas en el viñedo se realizó por técnicas moleculares mediante PCR-RFLP, sometiendo los productos amplificados a un análisis de restricción con las enzimas Hinf I, Hae III, CfoI y DdeI. La distribución de las levaduras en los diversos sustratos fue en el suelo 60% Hanseniaspora guillermondii y 40% Hanseniaspora uvarum, en la corteza 90% Candida sake y 10% Hanseniaspora uvarum, en hojas 100% por Rhodotorula mucilagenosa, en raquis 100% por Aureobasidium pullulans y en las bayas 96% Rhodotorula mucilagenosa y 4% Aureobasidium pullulans. En el viñedo están ampliamente difundidos los géneros Ascomycetos Hanseniaspora, Candida y Aureobasidium y el género Basdiomycetos Rhodotorula, siendo las levaduras oxidativas Aureobasidium y Rhodotorula las de mayor difusión en el mismo, sin embargo, cabe destacar la presencia de levaduras fermentativas como los géneros Hanseniaspora y Candida, importantes levaduras con reconocido potencial enológico, que podrán ser utilizadas en futuras fermentaciones alcohólicas para obtener vinos con calidad única por ser fermentados con levaduras autóctonas adaptadas a clima tropical. Palabras clave: levaduras autóctonas, variedad Malvasía, PCR-RFLP 5,8S. ABSTRACT The isolation and identification of native yeasts from a vineyard of the Vitis vinifera white variety Malvasia was carried out in Zulia, Venezuela. Aseptically and randomly, berries and parts of the plant (leaves, rachis, bark and soil) were sampled from a total of 123 plants, corresponding to a vineyard of the Malvasia grape variety. A winery is located at approximately 500 m from the vineyard. The identification of the yeasts isolated in the vineyard was carried out by molecular techniques by PCR-RFLP, subjecting the amplified products to a restriction analysis with the enzymes Hinf I, Hae III, CfoI and DdeI. The distribution of the yeasts in the different substrates was in the soil 60% Hanseniaspora guillermondii and 40% Hanseniaspora uvarum, in the bark 90% Candida sake and 10% Hanseniaspora uvarum, in leaves 100% by Rhodotorula mucilagenosa, in rachis 100% by Aureobasidium pullulans and in berries 96% Rhodotorula mucilagenosa and 4% Aureobasidium pullulans. In the vineyard, the Ascomycetos type Hanseniaspora, Candida and Aureobasidium and the genus Basdiomycetos Rhodotorula are widely spread, with the oxidative yeasts Aureobasidium and Rhodotorula being the most widespread, however, the presence of fermentative yeasts such as the Hanseniaspora and Candida genera, important yeasts with recognized oenological potential, which can be used in future alcoholic fermentations to obtain wines with unique quality by being fermented with native yeasts adapted to tropical climate. Key words: native yeasts, Malvasía variety, PCR-RFLP 5.8S.
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