Introduction:The recent history of Occupational Therapy (OT) shows, on a global scale, great concern about socio-communal issues that affect people's occupations and daily lives. Occupational therapists, acting in society and meeting its demands, seek to promote inclusion, emancipation, and participation in the socio-communal life of people. Nevertheless, Latin American studies on community interventions realized by occupational therapists are still scarce, suggesting more specific research on the designs and foundations of these interventions. Objective: To investigate the production by occupational therapists on community practices in Occupational Therapy, prioritizing the concepts used to support these interventions in Latin America, between 2006 and 2016. Method: A scoping review was carried out in Portuguese and Spanish. We searched for the articles through the CAPES Portal of Periodical databases, questionnaires for key informants, and manual searches in Occupational Therapy journals. The descriptors applied were: occupational therapy, practices, intervention, community, and occupational social therapy, in both languages. Results: The thematic analysis of the material showed that there is great diversity in the practices developed in the community, which have been growing in recent years. Nevertheless, theoretical-methodological foundations, as well as conceptual definitions, are still scarce. Conclusion: Community practices developed by occupational therapists, although more frequent, are still not systematically investigated in Latin America. Greater theoretical and methodological work on identified models is recommended for the consolidation of the field.
Resumo Introdução No Brasil, as mulheres quilombolas foram e são essenciais para a sobrevivência dos quilombos. Elas são as responsáveis por transmitir as tradições, preservar os recursos naturais e cuidar do lar e da terra. Assim, os marcadores históricos de organização social e familiar orientam a produção e reprodução de seus papéis ocupacionais nesse contexto. Objetivos Neste artigo, refletimos sobre a insurgência das mulheres quilombolas a partir da peculiaridade da sororidade, dororidade e disparidade de gênero nas ocupações de mulheres quilombolas. Método Esta reflexão resultou de estudo conduzido com nove mulheres residentes em um quilombo localizado no interior do estado da Bahia, Brasil, através de entrevistas, escrevivências e uso do método Photovoice. Resultados O estudo evidenciou que as ocupações realizadas pelas participantes são atravessadas pelo gênero e condicionadas pelo racismo e sexismo, além dos modos peculiares de funcionamento interno do grupo e das formas tradicionais de vida no quilombo. Conclusões As mulheres assumem a maior parte do gerenciamento do quilombo da Pinguela através do senso de coletividade e união, que permite que elas articulem uma contínua rede de solidariedade e apoio. No Brasil, os estudos sobre o trabalho de terapeutas ocupacionais com mulheres quilombolas são escassos; portanto, sugerimos que, em sua prática profissional, terapeutas ocupacionais assumam um compromisso ético-político e adotem perspectivas críticas articuladas a partir do feminismo afro-latino-americano para desenvolver práticas coletivas como forma de intervenção.
Introduction In Brazil, the quilombola women have been essential for the survival of the quilombo communities. They are responsible for transmitting traditions, preserving natural resources, and caring for the home and the land. Thus, the historical markers of social and family organization guide the production and reproduction of their occupational roles in this context. Objectives In this article, we reflect on the insurgence of quilombola women from the peculiarity of sisterhood, dororidade, and gender disparity in these women’s occupations. Method This reflection resulted from a study conducted with nine women residing in a quilombo community located in the interior of the state of Bahia, Brazil, through interviews, escrevivências (live writing) and Photovoice. Results The study evidenced that occupations performed by the participants are crossed by gender and conditioned by racism and sexism, in addition to the peculiar modes of the internal functioning of the group and the traditional ways of life in this community. Conclusions Women assume most of the management of the Pinguela quilombo community through the sense of collectivity and union that allows them to combine a continuous network of solidarity and support. In Brazil, studies on the work of occupational therapists with quilombola women are scarce; therefore, we suggest that occupational therapists, in their professional practice, assume an ethical-political commitment and adopt critical perspectives from Afro-Latin-American feminism to develop collective practices as a form of intervention.
Resumo Na última década, estudos em terapia ocupacional têm enfatizado aspectos da construção coletiva em pesquisas narrativas que refletem sobre os preceitos éticos essenciais à anonimidade de participantes, ao mesmo tempo em que garantem o seu protagonismo. Este artigo discute um percurso metodológico pouco usado, qual seja, a narrativa construída por meio da colaboração não anônima entre participantes e pesquisadores, buscando identificar os desafios e as potencialidades da elaboração compartilhada. Para tanto, o artigo apresenta: 1. descrição das concepções do estudo e suas características gerais, notadamente os referenciais teóricos e metodológicos que sustentam a construção reflexiva, dialógica e coletiva das histórias; 2. potencialidades e dificuldades da abordagem participativa na construção de conhecimento em terapia ocupacional. Um dos pontos centrais da metodologia adotada, a revelação das identidades das participantes, que enfatiza a escrita das histórias em primeira pessoa, ainda não está consolidado nos desenhos atuais de estudos participativos realizados com terapeutas ocupacionais e pode ser considerado uma ação inovadora para o campo da terapia ocupacional. São apresentados os requerimentos da formação técnica, como as habilidades de comunicação e pactuação política, bem como os desdobramentos éticos e epistemológicos da experiência das profissionais. Ademais, cabe registrar que, ao narrar em primeira pessoa, sem pseudônimos, a trajetória das profissionais, enfrentamos diversos desafios, como a linha tênue entre vida pessoal e vida profissional, e também os compromissos sociais e consequências políticas das ações das participantes, além da exposição involuntária de terceiros, que não necessariamente autorizariam que suas ações fossem tornadas públicas.
In the last decade, studies in occupational therapy have emphasized aspects of collective construction in narrative research that reflect on the ethical precepts essential to the anonymity of participants, while guaranteeing their protagonism. This article discusses a methodological approach that is little used, namely, the narrative constructed through non-anonymous collaboration between participants and researchers, seeking to identify the challenges and potential of shared elaboration. Therefore, the article presents: 1. description of the study's conceptions and its general characteristics, notably the theoretical and methodological references that support the reflexive, dialogic and collective construction of the stories; 2. potentialities and difficulties of the participatory approach in the construction of knowledge in occupational therapy. One of the central points of the adopted methodology, the revelation of the participants' identities, which emphasizes the writing of stories in the first person, is not yet consolidated in the current designs of participatory studies carried out with occupational therapists and can be considered an innovative action for the field of occupational therapy. Technical training requirements are presented, such as communication skills and political agreement, as well as the ethical and epistemological consequences of the professionals' experience. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that, when narrating in the first person, without pseudonyms, the trajectory of the professionals, we face several challenges, such as the fine line between personal and professional life, as well as the social commitments and political consequences of the participants' actions, in addition to the involuntary exposure of third parties, who would not necessarily authorize their actions to be made public.
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