NEET (not in employment, education, or training) unemployment is one of the newer, most relevant, and least studied modern features of the youth labor market, making it an urgent problem to be solved. The purpose of this study is to identify the barriers to creating productive employment in the youth labor market, with a view to reducing the NEET youth segment in Kazakhstan. Our aim is to identify the impact of employment and unemployment parameters in the youth labor market in order to reduce the NEET youth segment in Kazakhstan. The article analyzes the indicators of youth participation in the labor force, defines the features of the youth labor market based on segmentation by age, and identifies the dynamics of youth employment, including the type of economic activity. Particular attention is paid to the NEET youth category in Kazakhstan, providing a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of the youth labor market for the period 2001–2021. The portrait of Kazakhstani youth in the category of NEET unemployment was determined based on an analysis of labor market indicators. Our study identifies the barriers to generating productive youth employment, allowing policymakers to reduce the NEET youth segment in Kazakhstan.

Employment of older people can help solve problems arising from the population ageing. The growing demand for such employees creates favourable conditions for the realisation of their resource potential. In order to identify potential sectors for the employment of older workers, the study assesses structural shifts in the labour market by type of economic activity in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It was hypothesised that, despite labour potential differences, the EAEU countries have similar industries characterised by positive trends toward increasing employment of older workers. After identifying these trends, the research classified theoretical approaches to the study of employment opportunities for older adults. The assessment of structural differences in employment by type of economic activity was conducted based on the selected methodology. To quantify changes in the EAEU countries, employment of older workers was analysed using the integral coefficients of structural shifts of Gatev and Ryabtsev. According to statistics on the population employment for 2014–2019, older people of the EAEU countries (except Armenia) can continue to work in real estate transactions, hotels and public catering establishments, as well as in the field of health care and social services. To stimulate the employment of older workers in these areas, state measures, based on the proposed recommendations, can focus on promoting entrepreneurship and expanding the information environment for older people.

Research on the nature and consequences of ageism, focused on the study of the limitations of the older generation’s participation in labor activity, has become relevant in recent years due to changes in the age structure of society. The coronavirus pandemic has increased the spread of ageism towards the older generation, since this age group is at greater risk of developing serious illness from COVID-19. The article presents the results of a bibliometric analysis of ageism research in modern conditions, in particular in the context of the spread of the coronavirus pandemic. The aim of the work was to study the diversity of research in the field of ageism based on the definition of thematic clusters of research areas actively developing on this issue. The logic of the conducted research included systematization of the theoretical foundations of ageism studies, assessment of the current state of solving the age discrimination problem, identification of clusters and research trends related to age discrimination that identify a close relationship between discriminatory practices and age-related perception stereotypes concerning the older generation. The methodological approach of the research was based on a bibliometric analysis and consisted in the use of VOSviewer software tools. The material for the analysis was 2,066 articles on the topic of ageism published from 1975 till 2021 in the Web of Science database. The material was analyzed using bibliometry and visualization methods. The obtained results indicate an increase in the number of research on the problems of ageism, including such areas as gerontology, psychology, educational research, nursing, business and economics, social work, etc. The bibliometric analysis shows that North American and European countries lead in the development of this problem. As a result of the research, the following thematic clusters were identified: “Attitudes and Perception Stereotypes”, “Employment of Older People”, “Gerontology”, and “Medical Care”. The results of the study will allow finding opportunities for scientific collaborations to jointly study this problem.