No abstract

Background The prime concern of a society is to ensure healthy growth and development particularly of students of primary school because they are the future of the nation. Normal growth and development takes place only if there is optimum nutrition and safe environment to live in. The World Health Organization estimates that there are 178 million children that are malnourished across the globe and malnutrition contributes to the deaths of over one half of children in developing countries and Tanzania included. Methodology Analytical cross‐sectional study was conducted among 914 students in Ulanga district. A multistage cluster sampling technique was applied, then a school to school survey was performed for the selected school, anthropometric measurements of primary school students for sampled schools were done and the body mass index was calculated to assess the nutritional status of primary school students. Environmental factors were studied and correlated with nutritional status. Results A total of 82.7%, 16.7%, 0.3%, and 0.3% of students were found to be underweight, normal overweight and obese respectively. Significant association was observed between nutritional status and unsafe water, poor method of water purification specifically filtration, personal hygiene and high house status and majority of students were underweight. Conclusion and Recommendation Unsafe water, poor method of water purification, personal hygiene and high house status are related to nutritional status and majority of students were underweight. Proper sanitation of the drinking water should be promoted in the community to prevent water borne diseases in the children, mass education on person hygiene and proper method of water purification should be promoted.

Cervical cancer is cancer arising from the cervix and this occurs due to abnormal growth of the cells that can invade and spread to another part of the body(1), at an early stage the patient presents asymptomatic but later on patients may present symptoms including vaginal breeding. pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse and finally the presence of vaginal mass may indicate the presence of malignancy sometimes in the advanced stage metastases may be present in the abdomen, lung, or elsewhere and may be accompanied by loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, pelvic pain, back pain, swollen legs, bone fractures and/or leakage of urine or feces from the vagina but occur very rarely. Cervical cancer is women’s fourth most common cancer It is of a public health concern as more than 569,000 cervical cancer new cases are reported annually and according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer ( IARC) global cancer observatory more than 311,000 death occur globally annually due to this cervical cancer however, in Africa the burden is well recognized where more than 119,000 new cases reported annually and 81,000 death occur annually (5) and according to current studies the burden was high observed in sub – Saharan Africa where cervical cancer contribute 20% to 25% of total cancer cases and World Health Organization report regarding the cervical cancer profile came to realize that low middle-income home countries are taking the highest burden of cervical cancer and this was due to lack effectiveness screening schedule In Tanzania, the burden of cervical cancer is well established and data declare that about 7000 women die each year due to cervical cancer the age group prone to this type of cancer is around 35 up to 44 and is uncommon for women below 20 years