The aim of this study was to detect influenza A virus in broiler chickens and wild ducks in different geographical regions of Basrah and Wasit provinces, Iraq. This study was authenticated by analysing the viral genome and designing a set of universal primers for the detection of all influenza A subtypes in a single enzymatic reaction through the amplification of a highly conserved region of viral M gene. A total of 157 and 155 oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from broiler chickens and wild ducks, respectively, were analysed. The study shows that influenza A viruses were prevalent in these birds in all study regions with a significantly higher percentage in wild ducks compared to broiler chickens. The results showed that 92/157 samples (54/75 wild ducks and 38/82 broiler chickens) and 96/155 samples (38/75 wild ducks and 58/80 broiler chickens) in Basrah and Wasit, respectively, were positive for the viral M gene. In addition, there was no significant difference in virus prevalence between Basrah and Wasit provinces.

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Plants are a rich source of giving benefit natural products, including antimicrobial agents. The current study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Populus sp. leaves that the aqueous methanolic extract (200 mg.ml-1) of the leaves revealed antimicrobial effects against some microbial pathogens in which the highest inhibition zone was recorded against Candida albicans followed by Staphylococcus aureus but no effects on the growth of both Streptococcus mutans and Klebsiella sp. The chemical tests appeared that the extract contains sterols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, amino acids, and saponins glycosides while alkaloids were not detected. GC-MS analysis detected the aqueous methanolic extract has four compounds are {2-Pyridineacetaldehyde,[2-(2-pyridinyl) ethylidene]hydrazone}, {n-Propylamine, N-acetyl-3-[2-acetyl-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl]-},{1-(Methyl propyl)-4-(1’,1’,2’-trichloro-3’-ethyl allyl)benzene} and {1H-Indole, 5- methyl-2-phenyl-}.