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Fresh water is already scarce in the world, especially in the Middle East (ME). Desalination industry is the main supplier of the potable water to the municipalities in the ME region. It is well known the high cost of a liter of water produced by the desalination process. Unfortunately, car-washing service consumes substantial amount of this desalinated water. This paper describes a filtration system designed and tested for treatment and reuse of the wastewater generated in car-washing stations. The filtration system assembled from two filters: (1) sand and gravel mix, and (2) activated carbon. The paper is an extension of work originally presented in ASET conference in Dubai. The quality of the effluent (treated wastewater) was investigated and determined in Dubai central laboratories. Wastewater samples were grabbed from different car service stations. Representative samples were prepared and the concentrations of the following parameters were measured in each sample of the effluent: (1) Biological oxygen demand (BOD), (2) Chemical oxygen demand (COD), (3) Total dissolved solids (TDS), (4) Total suspended solids (TSS), and (5) Oil and grease (OG). The results show that the filter system removes the BOD and COD at an efficiency as high as 97.5%, the TSS at 90%, and the TDS and OG at 85.5%. In general, the quality of the effluent was found to fall within the standards set by Dubai regulatory authorities. Further research is recommended to enhance the filtration system performance and make it commercially applicable.

Research on buried gas pipelines (BGPs) has taken an important consideration due to their failures in recent earthquakes. In permanent ground deformation (PGD) hazards, seismic faults are considered as one of the major causes of BGPs failure due to accumulation of impermissible tensile strains. In current research, four steel pipes such as X-42, X-52, X-60, and X-70 grades crossing through strike-slip, normal and reverse seismic faults have been investigated. Firstly, failure of BGPs due to change in soil-pipe parameters have been analyzed. Later, effects of seismic fault parameters such as change in dip angle and angle between pipe and fault plane are evaluated. Additionally, effects due to changing pipe class levels are also examined. The results of current study reveal that BGPs can resist until earthquake moment magnitude of 7.0 but fails above this limit under the assumed geotechnical properties of current study. In addition, strike-slip fault can trigger early damage in BGPs than normal and reverse faults. In the last stage, an early warning system is proposed based on the current procedure. 

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