Background:We investigated the contributing causes and factors leading to eye enucleation procedure among the patients referred to the ophthalmology clinic of the Center Eye Hospital in Tehran, Iran.Patients and Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of patients referred to the ophthalmology clinic of the Center Eye Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in the past 3 years. The data retrieved were analyzed.Results:A total of 313 patients underwent eye enucleation during the past 3 years. The average age of the patients was 36.7 years (range: 20–44 years). Two hundred and eight patients (66.5%) were males and 105 (33.5%) were females. One hundred and sixty-nine patients had the right eye enucleation while 144 patients had the left eye enucleation. The various procedures included enucleation (83%), evisceration (13.4%), and exantration (3.6%). The factors leading to these procedures included trauma (33.2%), phthisis bulbi (20.7%), tumors (15.7%), and infections (10.5%).Conclusion:In our study population, trauma was the main factor leading to eye enucleation. Hence, measures to increase social awareness and knowledge to reduce trauma cases are necessary as a preventive approach to reduce eye enucleation procedures. Concurrently, ophthalmologists should also pay more attention in early diagnoses and screening of eye health, especially detecting tumor cases such as retinoblastoma and postsurgical care to reduce secondary infections will be effective actions to reduce the overall rate of enucleation.

Introduction: Melanocytoma is a rare benign stationary tumor that usually appears as a pigmented lesion on the optic disk. Optic Disc Melanocytoma (ODM) can compress the optic nerve or undergo necrosis, leading to ischemic axonal loss and visual field defect, similar to those caused by glaucoma. Also, ODM often displays a clinical diagnostic dilemma due to its similarities with melanoma. Some patients have undergone enucleation because of uncertainty between both pathologies. Progressive growth and malignant transformation can be documented by close monitoring of the patient’s eyes. Fundus examination and ancillary imaging procedures such as fundus photo, autofluorescence, B-scan ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography, and spectral-domain optic coherence tomography are powerful tools for ODM diagnosis and management. Case Presentation: A 19-year-old female presented with a decrease in vision in the left eye for about 3 months. Her visual acuity was 20/20 and 20/80 in her right and left eyes, respectively. Funduscopic examination of the left eye showed a well-defined deeply pigmented brownish-black, dome-shaped nodular mass covered the entire optic disc with the normal-appearing overlying vitreous, macula, and surrounding retina. Short-wave autofluorescence revealed hypo-autofluorescence on the pigmented mass lesion. The patient’s condition did not change significantly over 2 years of follow-up. The diagnosis was made as ODM. Conclusions: Melanocytomas grow very slowly over several years or remains stable, in contrast to malignant melanoma. Although ODM tends to have benign behavior, it may adversely affect visual function. Yearly fundus examination is necessary for monitoring growth and detecting malignant transformation. Visual loss can result from optic neuropathy or retinal vascular obstruction. In suspicious cases, close follow-up with serial fundus photographs is essential, even though the malignant transformation is exceptional.

Context: Low birth weight infant is prone to an altered ocular development in childhood, including refractive errors of the eye. Myopia (short-sightedness) is the most common refractive error disease of the eye that causes reduced vision globally. Evidence Acquisition: A PubMed literature search was conducted using the following search terms; low birth weight infant, myopia, prematurity, and refractive error. Results: Commonly, the underlying cause of myopia is excessive growth of the eye which is under the influence of early life impression on human growth. Children with low birth weight have significantly shallower anterior chamber depth and greater lens thickness. At the ages of 10-12 years, preterm children have an increased likelihood of all refractive error statement. However, in low birth weight children, a 1 diopter of myopic change has occurred over the first decade of life. Conclusion: The progression of myopia is higher in children with low birth weight, suggesting that prematurity and low birth weight may simultaneously affect the development of optical components, leading to myopia.