The literature about regional innovation systems, clusters and industrial districts insists on the importance of local knowledge spillovers. Nevertheless, more recently a few authors have put in question the importance of local knowledge spillovers. This paper provides an analysis of some of the most dynamic aerospace clusters in the world, located in Montreal, Seattle, Toulouse and Toronto. We start by discussing theories of clustering, then provide research questions as well as empirical evidence on the international nature of knowledge spillovers. Local knowledge spillovers are less significant, of a different nature, and they may make a scanty contribution to explain the geographical agglomeration of firms. Conversely, international spillovers help to explain the relative dispersion of industry across nations. Resilient geographical clustering is related to the anchor tenant effects as creators of labour pools and owners of very large manufacturing plants creating regional inertia. We thus reject the local knowledge spillover explanation of aerospace clusters in favour of another one based on anchor firms and their effects on the local labour pool.Aerospace, aircraft, industrial clusters, industrial districts, internationalization, regional innovation systems,

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Abstract:This study aims to bridge the literature regarding organisational learning and the system of innovation perspective. This paper explores the dynamics of technology policy learning in an innovation systems context. Firstly, the main findings on organisational learning attributes are presented. Secondly, the process of public policy learning is discussed. Finally, a life cycle approach for analysing technology policy learning is presented for the Canadian aerospace industry. By discerning the complimentary factors among differing theoretical perspectives, this paper provides a better understanding of the process and evolution of technological policy.Keywords: aircraft industry; technology policy; organisational learning; aircraft sectoral innovation systems; aircraft national innovation systems; technology policy learning.Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Zhegu, M. (2013) 'Technology policy learning and innovation systems life cycle: the Canadian aircraft industry', Int.

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approches d'entrée-sortie l'économie. À titre d'exemple, Terleckyj a mesuré l'impact des lux de R-D sur la croissance et la productivité, alors que Scherer a examiné l'impact des lux de brevets interindustriels. DeBresson a aussi utilisé les matrices d'entrée-sortie pour évaluer les liens entre les activités économiques, les interactions sociales et les réseaux d'innovations. Bien que les enjeux méthodologiques demeurent importants, les approches d'entrée-sortie ont permis de mesurer les retombées d'activités de R-D, d'établir que certains secteurs sont « fournisseurs » de R-D alors que d'autres sont plus à même de tirer proit de ces retombées interindustrielles, et que ces retombées varient entre les secteurs de l'économie, entre les juridictions et dans le temps. Les approches d'entrée-sortie peuvent ainsi servir d'outils d'aide à la décision en guidant le inancement de la R-D vers des retombées plus productives (voir Gestion de la technologie).