Novel donor-acceptor blends composed of black phosphorus (BP) as an electron donor and C as an electron acceptor have been prepared and successfully embedded into a non-optically active poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) matrix producing a BP:C/PMMA film. In contrast to C, BP and non-annealed BP:C blends, annealed BP:C blends show a significantly enhanced optical limiting response due to the thermal-induced intermolecular charge transfer effect between BP and C.

Highly soluble polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-covalently grafted MoS2 nanosheets (MoS2–PAN) were synthesized in situ. This material shows superior optical limiting response in the visible and near-infrared ranges.

Donor–acceptor type black phosphorus nanosheets covalently functionalized with a conjugated polymer (PDBT-BP) exhibits excellent nonlinear optical and optical limiting performance.