Water in the city is typically exploited in a linear process, in which most of it is polluted, treated, and discharged; during this process, valuable nutrients are lost in the treatment process instead of being cycled back and used in urban agriculture or green space. The purpose of this paper is to advance a new paradigm to close water cycles in cities via the implementation of nature-based solutions units (NBS_u), with a particular focus on building greening elements, such as green roofs (GRs) and vertical greening systems (VGS). The hypothesis is that such “circular systems” can provide substantial ecosystem services and minimize environmental degradation. Our method is twofold: we first examine these systems from a life-cycle point of view, assessing not only the inputs of conventional and alternative materials, but the ongoing input of water that is required for irrigation. Secondly, the evapotranspiration performance of VGS in Copenhagen, Berlin, Lisbon, Rome, Istanbul, and Tel Aviv, cities with different climatic, architectural, and sociocultural contexts have been simulated using a verticalized ET0 approach, assessing rainwater runoff and greywater as irrigation resources. The water cycling performance of VGS in the mentioned cities would be sufficient at recycling 44% (Lisbon) to 100% (Berlin, Istanbul) of all accruing rainwater roof–runoff, if water shortages in dry months are bridged by greywater. Then, 27–53% of the greywater accruing in a building could be managed on its greened surface. In conclusion, we address the gaps in the current knowledge and policies identified in the different stages of analyses, such as the lack of comprehensive life cycle assessment studies that quantify the complete “water footprint” of building greening systems.

Seven new 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-(2-thienymethylenamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones(2)were synthesized by the reactions of 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones(1)with thiophene-2-carbaldehyde. In addition,N-acetyl derivatives of compounds2d-2gwere also prepared. The structures of eleven new compounds synthesized were determined by elemental analysis as well as IR, NMR and UV spectral data. In addition, compounds2a-gand3a,3b,3d-fwere also screened for their antioxidant activities and2a-gwere potentiometrically titrated with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) in four nonaqueous solvents (isopropyl alcohol,t-butyl alcohol, acetonitrile andN,N-dimethyl formamide). Also half-neutralization potential values and the corresponding pKa values were determined in all cases.

No abstract

Urban parks are of the most important components of green infrastructure in cities. Number and size of green areas decrease especially due to increase in population and urbanization. Urban parks rank first among green areas that increase and improve the quality of life in cities. Urban parks are places where people can commune with nature and spend their free time for leisure. Accessibility of urban parks, their recreational facilities and space identity are very effective on satisfaction of users. This study is about EYOF Park in Trabzon city. Visual perception analysis carried out using landscape quality criteria. User satisfaction was analyzed with statistical analyses. As a result of analysis, the highest correlations were found between “color” and “texture” (r = 0.790). The most important reasons of park visit was found to be for “relaxing” purposes, moreover “lack of car park” was stated as the most important problem for the park.

Özet Dünya genelinde kentleşme oranı gittikçe artmakta ve 2050'ye kadar bu rakamın daha yüksek oranlara ulaşacağı ön görülmektedir. Dünyayı yaşanır hale getiren doğa ise, bu süreçten kötü etkilenmekte ve yeşil alan oranı gün geçtikçe azalmaktadır. Günümüzde bu problemleri düzeltmek için alınan önlemler genel tanımı ile "sürdürülebilir yaklaşım" başlığı altında toplanmaktadır. Yağmur bahçeleri, dikey bahçeler, çatı bahçeleri bu çalışmaların sadece bazılarıdır. Bu çalışmalar peyzaj mimarlığı meslek disiplinin de odak noktasında yerini almaktadır. Bu nedenle gerek formal gerekse informal eğitim sürecinde sürdürülebilirlik çalışmalarını yerini almaktadır. Öğrencilerin eğitim süreci içerisinde bu gibi kavramlar ile çalışmaları mezun olduklarında uygulamalarında daha fazla yermesine neden olmaktadır. Bu da 4 yıllık eğitim süreçlerinin sonunda "farkındalık" etkisi yaratmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışma, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü Mühendislik Bilgisi dersi kapsamında "yeşil duvar olması önerilen bir duvarın" 2 haftalık ders süreci içerisinde tasarlanması ve ortaya çıkan ürünlerin peyzaj değeri açısından incelenmesini içermektedir. Çalışma sonucunda öncelikle tasarlanan duvarların peyzaj değeri açısından önemi ve ekolojik kaygılar ile yapılan tasarımların eğitim sürecindeki önemi vurgulanmıştır.