To better understand the etiology of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), the authors followed a cohort of 285 female college students with first UTI for 6 months or until second UTI. A first UTI due to Escherichia coli was followed by a second UTI three times more often than was a non-E. coli first UTI (24 vs. 8%; p = 0.02). In a logistic regression analysis limited to the 224 women from the University of Michigan Health Service and the University of Texas at Austin Health Service from September 1992 to December 1994, with a first UTI due to E. coli, vaginal intercourse increased the risk of a second UTI with both a different (odds ratio (OR) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19, 2.15) and the same (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 0.91, 2.07) uropathogen, as did using a diaphragm, cervical cap, and/or spermicide (same uropathogen: OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.95, 2.47; different uropathogen: OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.58). Condom use decreased the risk of a second UTI caused by a different uropathogen (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.99) but had no effect on a second UTI caused by the same E. coli (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.50). Type or duration of treatment was not associated with a second UTI. Although the risk of second UTI is strongly influenced by sexual behavior, women with a first UTI caused by E. coli are more likely than are those with a non-E. coli first UTI to have a second UTI within 6 months.

Hemangiolymphangioma is a malformation of both lymphatic and blood vessels. We present a case of fetal abdominal hemolymphangioma diagnosed by ultrasound at 27 weeks of gestation. The extensive fetal involvement, and the diagnosis before fetal viability led us to propose medical termination of pregnancy. This represents the second reported case of prenatal diagnosis of this malformation.

Objectives. To describe policies related to parental leave, breastfeeding, and childcare for faculty and staff at top schools of public health in the United States.Methods. We identified the top 25 schools of public health from the US News and World Report rankings. We reviewed each institutional Web site to identify publicly available policies as of July 2018.Results. For birth mothers, 80% (20/25) of the schools provided paid childbearing leave to faculty (mean = 8.2 weeks), and 48% (12/25) provided paid childbearing leave for staff (mean = 5.0 weeks). For nonbirth parents, 68% (17/25) provided paid parental leave for faculty and 52% (13/25) for staff (range = 1-15 weeks). We found that 64% (16/25) of the schools had publicly available lactation policies, and 72% (18/25) of the schools had at least 1 university-run on-campus childcare center.Conclusions. The majority of top US schools of public health provide paid leave to faculty birth mothers. However, most schools fall short of the 14 weeks recommended by the ). Reprints can be ordered at http://www. ajph.org by clicking the "Reprints" link.

INTRODUCTION: Macronutrient intake during pregnancy has significant effects on maternal and infant health, yet pregnant women's ability to estimate adequacy of their intake is unknown. This study sought to gauge pregnant women's awareness of pregnancy macronutrient guidelines, and investigate if women's perception of adequate intake was a reliable marker for adherence to guidelines. METHODS: Pregnant women were recruited to participate in a survey and 24-hour recall. Surveys collected self-reported knowledge of guidelines and perception of guideline adherence. 24-hour recalls were analyzed to systematically assess dietary intake. Subjective opinions were compared to analyzed diets to determine if perception of adequately meeting guidelines equated to sufficient intake. This project was deemed Exempt by the UC Davis Institutional Review Board. RESULTS: Of the twenty-nine participants included in analysis, 51.7% reported being somewhat or more familiar with pregnancy macronutrient recommendations. Women were most likely to accurately estimate adherence to carbohydrate guidelines (65.5%), least likely to estimate adherence to water guidelines (51.7%), and equally likely to accurately estimate adherence to protein and fat guidelines (58.6% for each). The most common resources from which participants obtained pregnancy nutrition information were obstetrician/physician (75%), and the Internet (60%). Bivariate linear regression investigating relationships between accuracy of estimation and other variables (age, gravidity, education level, number of nutrition resources used) showed no significant associations. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that education for pregnant women of macronutrient intake guidelines can be improved, and a more reliable means for pregnant women to assess their own adherence to guidelines is needed.